604 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



[Oct. 6, 1855! 



to the watering. Thirdly, by removing tie dead 

 foliage from them, which is also a harbour for 

 green-fly. By adopting the above treatment I have 

 successfully kept this destructive parasite in check, If 

 green-fly appears, with which they are very apt to be 

 infested, fumigate with tobacco. The plants should now 

 require a shift into a larger sized pot, and let the fol- 

 lowing compost be used : turfy peat, fibry loam, leaf- 

 mould, decomposed cow-dung, and drift-sand, equal 

 parts of each, beaten roughly together, mixing in a little 

 silver sand. Prepare a 6-inch sized pot, with a good 

 drainage, over which place a thin layer of turfy peat, 

 to prevent the soil from intermixing with the sherds. 

 Repot, and again place them in the frame. Water 

 moderately, and the admittance of a good current of 

 air will also have a good effect on them. Let all 

 possible care be taken not to have the roots coiled and 

 cramped by their coming in* contact with the side of 

 the pot, which is generally the case after subsisting in 

 the same pot too long. Then, as soon as the roots are 

 penetrating through the soil, let the plants be again 

 repotted into a larger sized pot, using the aforesaid ad- 

 mixture, and be replaced m the same position as 

 lefore described, keeping them thoroughly clear from 

 . aphides by occasionally fumigating. By this time they 

 • will have made great progress, and become good sized 

 plants, and those which will not be likely to be over- 

 grown by such a stimulant may have occasional water- 

 ings with liquid manure. Cow-dung is the best manure 

 to use, as by it the flowers are made brighter in 

 colour. About the end of October potting should be 

 proceeded with, taking care to pot them into the same 

 soil as that described. A change of soil at this period 

 is highly prejudicial. Six or eight-inch pots should be 

 devoted to the largest plants ; and soil rougher than 

 that formerly described. Place them in a greenhouse, 

 close to the glass; thus they will be prevented from 

 being drawn up too weakly. They may be also grown 

 in a frame during the winter, if there is a flue or hot- 

 water apparatus, to prevent the frost from injuring 

 them. Between this and the time of flowering let all 

 means be taken to insure a vigorous growth, carefully 

 tying out, so that the plants may assume a neat and 

 compact form. About the end of February they will 

 have expanded their flowers; then the varieties of colour, 

 long continuance in bloom, and the splendid show 

 which will be formedJJ by them, in the greenhouse or 

 conservatory, at this period of the year when there 

 is little else in bloom, will amply repay the grower 

 for the care which has been bestowed upon them, 

 and any person, by practising the above, may calcu- 

 late on success. As soon as the bloom begins to 

 decay, and the leaves are turning yellow, leas water 

 must be applied. Remove them into a frame, or, if 

 not convenient, out of doors will suit them. As the 

 plants are of an herbaceous habit, they require a period 

 if rest. Some persons prefer growing them entirely 

 in a pit, with a command of heat, which should only 

 be used in case of frost, removing them to the conser- 

 vatory, or greenhouse, when in bloom. Tie the side 

 shoots out, and give the plants plenty of room. This, 

 with cleanliness, will make them grow injany soil. Q. 



-II. ■ — I.— — . . ■■■ , , . — I. ■- I — — — . — — 



Calendar of Operations . 





m a lietUUiy btau>. Lse tiie eyrioge very sparingly, and 

 only to dew the plants, as heavy syringing after this 

 season is apt to keep the surface soil so moist as to 

 render it difficult to judge as to when water should be 

 given. Any young stock growing in pots which may 

 require re-potting should be seen to at once so as to 

 allow of getting them established in their fresh pots, 

 while they can be kept moderately warm. See that the 

 bails are in a proper state as to moisture before re-potting, 

 as neglect of this is a frequent cause of young plants 

 fruiting prematurely. Keep moist and rather warm for 

 a timeafter shifting, so as to encourage the formation of 

 fresh roots. ViNERiES.—Should wet weather set in we 

 would advise covering the border of the early house 

 with dry stable litter, fern, or whatever can be obtained 

 most conveniently that will answer the purpose 

 of keeping the border dry. Nothing answers better for 

 this purpose than clean straw, provided the border 

 slopes from the front of the house, and in this case it is 

 easily thatched so as to throw off the wet entirely. But 

 straw is too valuable in most parts of the country to be 

 used for this purpose, and wooden shutters would be 

 found cheaper in the end ; nevertheless, where straw 

 can be obtained, it will be found to answer the purpose 

 perfectly. It will also be advisable to cover the borders 

 of houses in which it is intended to keep ripe Grapes 

 for any length of time, so as to prevent the soil getting 

 saturated about the roots. - Look over ripe Grapes fre- 

 quently, particularly in damp weather, cutting out any 

 tainted berries immediately they are perceived, and 

 keep the atmosphere as dry as possible, using gentle 

 fires when necessary with a free circulation of air ; but 

 a warm temperature is nearly as injurious as damp, 

 therefore use no more fire-heat than may be absolutely 

 necessary. Let no pot plants requiring watering remain 

 in houses where the Grapes are ripe and expected to 

 hang for any length of time. 



FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



Unless where alterations are in hand the principal 

 work in this department for the present will be mowing 

 and clearing up of leaves, &c. ; and if anything like 

 neatness is to be maintained, this will require daily 

 attention : also see to getting gravel walks thoroughly 

 cleared of weeds and Moss, &c., and roll them fre- 

 quently when wet, to keep the surface hard and smooth. 

 Continue to afford young stock in pits and frames the 

 most careful attention, and endeavour to get it well 

 rooted and strong without keeping so close or warm as 

 to render it sappy aud liable to fog and damp off on the 

 first approach of winterly weather, as is the case with 

 stock got up in heat late in autumn, and then stored 

 away in cold pits for the winter. Therefore admit air 

 freely to all plants that are sufficiently .rooted to 

 bear it without flagging. Newly potted-off things 

 should, however, be placed on a gentle bottom heat 

 which willjmpart a little warmth to the soil and encou- 

 rage the formation of roots, but sufficient air should be 

 given to prevent anything like weakly growth. Cuttings 

 of Calceolarias, Scarlet Geraniums, &c, may still be put 

 in where the stock is deficient. Scarlet Geraniums will 



STATE OF THE WEATHER AT CH1SWICK, NEAR LONDON 

 For the week ending Oct. 4, 1S55, :i» observed at the Horticultural Gwn.' 



Sept. 

 and Oct. 



Priday 2° 

 Satur. 29 

 Sunday 30 

 Mon.. 1 

 lues. 2 

 W«d. w 



Thurs. 4 



Average . 



0< 



B 



AROMKTBli. 



Tbmpkhatvkb. 



ijfcKten 



S 



17 



18 

 19 



%\ 



22 



23 



Max. 



£9.669 

 30.021 



29.505 



29.529 

 29 64 1 

 £9.707 

 29.269 



£9.631 



Min. 



£3.4*6 

 29.538 

 29.423 



iJ9 4! (5 

 29.564 



£9.517 

 29.23 I 



Ol the Air. Of the Ram, 



Max. 



72 



7* 



61 

 66 

 62 

 68 



Min. 



56 

 55 



47 

 4H 



40 

 50 

 47 



Mean V° ot 

 deep. 



29.4*7 I 07.6 ! 47.3 



64.0 

 64" 



oj 5 



b. 



53-0 



5 6.0 



57.5 



59 

 59 



&9 



53 



37 



57 



2 feel 



deep. 



53 

 53 



5S 



58 



7 

 57 



Wind | 



S.W. 



SJ 



! W. 

 S.W. 



.3 



1 



5S.1 I 67.6 



i.; 



Sept. 



2S— Overcast; cloudy, rain at night. 



— 29 — Cloudy; line; rain. 



— 30— Hazy ; cloudy ; rain. 



Oct. 1— Fine; showery; fine at night. 



— 2— 1'ojcjry; cloudy; hazy; rain. 



— 3— Dense fo% 1 rain throughout. 



— 4 -Densely clouded; excessively heavy showers, with tlma<ier 



and lightning in the afternoon. 

 Mean temperature ot the week 4 deg. ahovc the average. 



RECORD OF THE WEATHER AT CH1SW1CK. 

 f hiring the last 29 years, for the ensuing week, ending Oct. 13,1%?. 







S»* 



Oct. 





z* a 



v big 



S uuday 



7 



61.8 



Won. 



8 



60.2 



lues. 



9 



59-7 



Wed. 



1(. 



613 



Thu. 



11 



62.0 



brid. 



12 



59.3 



Satur. 



13 



59.6 



No. of 



Tears in 

 which it 

 Rained. 



GrtateBt 

 Quantity 

 of Rain. 



0.5S in. 

 0.63 

 t.52 

 0.68 



(».; 4 

 l.i 

 033 



Prevailing Wm 



.1 



1 

 1 



2 



2 

 4 





4 

 4 

 5 

 2 

 4 

 4 



73 w 



2 2 



3 3 



k 



4 - 



4 13 



4 6. 



5 11 



7 * 



3 



6 



■ 







1 



- 



l 



3 



4 

 5 

 I 



4 3 



a 4 2 



The 

 1345 



'he highest temperature during the above period occurred on the I3tl, 

 5— therm. 76 deg.; and the lowest on the 12tb, 1850— therm. 27 feg. 



{For the ensuing week.) 



PLANT DEPARTMENT. 



Conservatory. &c. — In cases where there are many 

 stove plants in this house it will be necessary, in the 

 event of the weather becoming cold and damp, to use a 

 little fire heat ; but be as sparing of this as circum- 

 stances will allow, particularly if there are other things 

 in the house likely to be injured by being kept too warm. 

 And in this case it will be advisable to dispense with 

 stove plants, even at the expense of rendering the house 

 somewhat bare of flowers, rather than to keep them 

 here and run the rifck of injuring other things on their 

 account. Be careful not to over water things brought 

 from the stove, and also to use water at a temperature 

 of 70° or 80° for these; as watering plants with cold 

 water that has just been brought from a warm house 

 injures the young tender roots, shortens the duration 

 of the blossoms, and often ruins the plant. Use weak 

 manure water for Salvia splendens, so as to preserve 

 the plants in a vigorous state, and keep them blooming 

 as long as possible. Give air freely on fine days, and 

 thin out the twiners on the roof, wherever this can be 

 done with propriety, so as to expose the plants to all the 

 light possible. Give attention to securing a plentiful 

 succession of things for maintaining the gaiety of the 

 house during winter. 



FORCING DEPARTMENT. 



P; series.— Plants swelling their iruit should be 

 assisted with a brisk temperature, say from 65° to 75° 

 at night, rf gulating this according to the state of the 

 external temperature, keeping the house rather close on 

 sunny days and allowing the thermometer to rise to 80 Q 

 or 85° before giving air freely. Also endeavour to pro- 

 portion the moi>ture to the temperature, for a high dry 

 temperature is not favourable to the swelling of the 

 fruit, and there is no chance of getting well swelled 

 heavy fruit without plenty of warmth and moisture. 

 Mail tan a steady bottom-heat of about 85°, »nd 

 use every care to keep the soil in a healthy state 

 as to moisture. When watering is necessary, use 

 clear manure-water, and give sufficient to moisten the 

 whole of the soil, and avoid frequent dribbling*, for when 

 this system of watering is practised it is nearly impossible 

 to keep the under soil where the principal roots should be 



root almost anywhere, but Calceolarias are not quite so 

 accommodating, as cuttings taken from plants in the 

 open ground are very liable to damp off in heat ; these, 

 will be found to do very well, however, in a close pit or 

 frame where there is the means of applying a little 

 warmth when necessary to dispel damp. See to securing 

 as many cuttings as possible of any scarce plants which 

 it may be desirable to increase while there is a fair 

 chance of rooting them, and also be prepared to protect 

 scarlet Geraniums and other things which it may be 

 intended to take up and winter, for we may expect 

 frost any time after this season, and if such things can 

 be protected so as to prevent the foliage and young 

 wood being much injured, they are much more easily 

 wintered. Attend to former directions, aud lose no 

 time in getting preparations made for the removal of 

 ! large trees and shrubs, as both the season and the 

 weather are now very favourable for this kind of work ; 

 and ground intended to be planted with young stuff 

 from the nursery cannot be turned up too soon. 



HARDY FRUIT AND KITCHEN GARDEN. 



Look over fruit remaining out of doors frequently, 

 and gather it as it becomes fit, as if left to get over ripe 

 it will be liable to be blown down and bruised should 

 high winds occur ; also examine that stored in the fruit 

 room frequently, as there will occasionally be a few 

 decaying fruit found for a few weeks after housing, and 

 these should be removed as soon as th?y can be per- 

 ceived. Keep the fruit room cool and airy, in order to 

 allow of the escape of the moisture given off by the 

 fruit, which is considerable for a few weeks at first. 

 Examine Piums, or any other fruit protected by covering 

 occasionally, to see that they are not spoiling. Where it 

 is intended to make any fresh plantation of fruit trees 

 this season, the ground should be prepared at the 

 earliest convenience, and any fresh soil to be used for 

 planting should be thoroughly exposed to the action of 

 the weather so as to have it in a mellow state when 

 wanted for use. If not already done clean and dress 

 Strawberry plantations, clearing away all 



Notices to Correspondent*. 



Fiiuits for Naming. Received WK, Mary, S B, W C G R, % 



and A Sub. || 

 Gooskbeury Apple: E T. This variety is of a yellowish colour 

 when ripe, of large size, and excellent quality as a kitchen 

 fruit. It becomes tit for use in November, and will continue 

 sound and good for months. It is therefore evident that what 

 you purchased under the above name could not have been the 



true sort 1 t t *\ ^ • *. , 



Hautbois Strawberries: D //says—'' I have this year had 



some remarkably fine and vigorous plants ot this Strawberry; 

 the bloom was beautiful, and in great quantity, but it all turned 

 black in the eye, and I had not one Strawberry from at least 

 40 plants. Is there any remedy for this? Being very tond of 

 the Hautbois Strawberry, I am anxious to have them if pos- 

 sible, and I cannot account for the disappointment I have 

 received.— [This variety is what botanists call polygamous, 

 some plants bearing flowers with stamens and pistils combined, 

 others having stamens only. The latter, being male, are ot 

 course barren. The male plants are very apt to overrun aud 

 displace the others. They should be weeded out, and the per- 

 feet ones only saved. The * Proline Hautbois" is nearly tree 



from this great defect.] [';; , 



Insects: SB. The insects on the Pear shoots are the mussel 

 scale, Coccus conchiformis, very difficult to eradicate, and 

 which the history, transformations, breeding time, Ac, are stili 

 unknown. We know nothing more serviceable than scrubbing 

 the bark with a stiff brush, and washing it with not water 

 A Young Beginner. We found no insects on your CinerAna 

 3 ves, which are blotched as though sucked by tlinps or apm>. 

 Try renewed fumigations and subsequent syringing with re&n 

 waterv-J? it. The caterpillars ^ent are thoseot the common UL 

 white Cabbage butterfly. Those which are transformed m a 

 lot of Utile yellow cocoons are attacked by the !•««*» 

 neuinon glomeratus, of which these little cases ™^ **JJJ 

 -A £»&. The insect is the devil's coach-horse, biapbjlraw 

 olens. Its jaws are very sharp aud able to inflict a sniait D te, 



instilling a little salivary secretion into the vouud,i»bich 



• its ordinary food is worms - 



lusia gamma), aw r""*, 



pillar feeds on most plants ; it is pale ^^^^JjE 

 yellow lines down the sides and back. The moth is very 



rapid in its flight, and loves the sunshine. W. wIurfan tiy 



Names of Plants : We have been so aften obliged to w«W 

 decline naming heaps of dried or other plants, that we ^ 

 to request our correspondents to recollect that w e 1 _ ^ 

 or could have undertaken an unlimited duty 01 1 

 Young gardeners, to whom these remarks more ^Jj^igi 

 should bear in mind that, before applying tons?* ^J™ 

 they should exhaust their other means ot K ftl l 11U vT hinking 

 We cannot save them the trouble of examining*" J" Uwe 

 for themselves; nor would it be desirable it we couw. g ^ 

 can do is to help them-and that most willingly, 

 requested that, in future, not more than four plana .1 £ 

 sent us at one time.- D YS. Phytolacca decandra.-^ « • acd 

 impossible to make anything of a flower so *™*™ 

 wnhered. It looks like a lump of Euch and 1 urn codc rnnni 

 lMnid Lovelock. Jmpatiens Noli tangew.-^^^^ 

 Your fungus is Scleroderma vulgare *r. ^^A-nieiiium 

 form has been mistaken for a truffle. M.J.B.—ktlM.**v .. 



viride. S.—Diss. 

 Pickling Capsjcims. „„,. — 



add a little salt, and till vour bottles with vinegar. edu3 



St. Jajiks's Pat:k: The correspondents who lia^e w ^ 



with fheir communications upon this subject win 



question revived very shortly. w w your 



S i.Lixi ri.vt^; A For. r. It is impossible to s») j ^ 



1'ines have shanked oft Probably they ^ av ® f?, «naipo. 

 damp. The sellings belong to the valuable aW» 

 Stki-uanotis : W W. The fruit is acrid and poifonouh 



.akenlor a truffle? M.J. B.-fem.*9^ 



Both are Quercus V^^^ff^ 

 s: Sub. Put them in wide-nioutnea 



runners, giving a good 



dressing 



away all useless 

 of manure where 



neeesaary, nut he careful to select that which is 



thoroughly decayed, and which can he covered without 



the necessity ot digging deep ear injuring the roots. 

 The principal crop of Celery should now be kept rather 

 closely earthed up, using quick lime and soot freely to 

 destroy slugs, and if these are troublesome go over "the 

 lines every morning for several [successive days, and 

 apply quick lime or pick up the pests. 



o 7 wp are unftf- 

 To Kkki' Cattle from Damao^o Tuees: Sub. "*> wil i 



qmtiiited with any material which rubbed on tu« nWtiofl 

 efficiently prevent deer aud cattle from """"^ " V at the 

 from which you have lately taken away the leu ce, .^ ^g 

 same time do no harm to the trees. Coal-tar, u beCO me* 

 injurious to the bark, is very unsightly, and when j g Q 

 altogether useless as a preventive against uie 



cattle. B t , fAntXvri&ito^ 



Tomato Sauce : Sub. Put the Tomatoes, when P^" "^ / rea d is 

 an earthen jar, and set it into an oven, w hen^ w from 



drawn, till thev are quite soft; then separate tue & ^ 



the pulp, and boil the latter with a t*" L *V*r" {l[li l to let 

 Cloves, a little salt and ginger; stir it well *" J^V in boilinf 

 the thin part evaporate ; bottle it for use. Be careiu 

 it that the saucepan does not spoil the colour. citw« 



Vines: A G. It is imj sible to say what cat isea rtfy 



your Vine to split. Such a circumstance °<*uks _ ofpoW «r 

 different conditions; usually on account ol # *"*• , Jnt0 tbeci. 

 in the buds of the cane to Consume the sap im P£ ie 

 Mr. Rivers' work is published by Longman *Co. ^t 



Walls: J II. There is nothing so ^>od as common » it ^ 

 for blackening walls. But why blacken them at mu ot 



not been found to ripen better on black walls io» 



ordinary colour. v - 1Gd7 and 27, t^ 1 '" 



I < : Full price will be given for >.o. *, 1»M | front . 

 F Wailes. The law compels us to stamp the W e ; oivpd tu0 k* 



As ubiial, many communications have been x« 

 and others are detained till the necessary inquire 

 We must alto beg the indulgence of those com 

 insertion of whose contributions is still delayed. 



9 • 



caube 



