nso 



I 



II £ GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



rOcr. 



1 



500 



or the ineftl under the leaves ot ;t BUCOttlent |>laut ex- 

 haling moisture, or the wrapping it in the same, may be 

 sufficient to account for the Kittening effect on the meat 

 at a temperature such as that of Ceylon or the West 

 Indies, so favourable to rapid change, that change on 

 •which tenderness in meat depends, without reference to 

 any occult virtue in the plant. Dr. Davy in the Edin. 

 New Philosophical Journal 



Radishes (Raphanus sativus) find in the South and 

 Eist climates much more genial to their constitution 

 than with us, aud the roots acquire a large size, red, 

 white or black (although we have never seen any of 

 those yard-long black Radishes mentioned as having 

 been exhibited at Moscow), but the flavour is seldom so 

 wild and delicate as in our gardens. Both the long and 

 the Turnip-rooted were known to the ancient Romans, 

 an I Professor Targioni, reading in botanical works that 

 R/\phanus sativus is a native of China, appears some- 

 what puzzled to imagine in what remote times it could 

 have been imported from thence to Rome. The fact is, 

 there are no more wild succulent-rooted Radishes in 

 China than elsewhere, and any one who observes with 

 an unprejudiced eye the varieties of shapes assumed by 

 the pod of the R. raphanistrum- on the shores of the 

 Mediterranean, can scarcely fail to come to the conclu- 

 sion, that he sees in that species the wild prototype oi 

 our garden Radish. Journal of the Horticultural Society 



Also 

 as to 



Calendar of Operations. 



(For the ensuing tceek.) 



**- 



PLANT DEPARTMENT. 



Conservatory, &c— We must now be expecting 



-cold nights and occasionally damp cloudy weather, and if 

 there are any plants here likely to be injured by a 

 rather low temperature they should be removed to better 

 quarters at once if they are expected to be of any farther 

 service. Should the weather necessitate the use of fire- 

 heat be as sparing of this as possible, using it merely 

 when absolutely necessary to prevent injury from damp, 

 and to maintain a temperature between 40° and 45°. 

 Where it can be done it will be advisable to water in 

 the morning, so as to allow of having the floors, &c, 

 dry before night, as there will now be considerable 

 -danger from excess of moisture in the atmosphere at 

 night, particularly where Camellias and other things 

 easily injured by damp are in bloom. Chrysanthemums 

 will now be in a forward state, and such as have their 

 buils prominent should be got under glass, and if it is 

 desirable to have them in bloom as soon as possible 

 thev may safely be placed where a little artificial warmth 

 can be afforded them ; but see that they are placed near 

 the glass and well supplied with manure water, and give 

 air very freely, as anything like confinement soon ruins 

 the-e. Indeed the whole stock of these should now be 

 placed where it can be covered at night in case of 

 frost, for although they will bear more frost than most 

 things, it is not good policy to leave them to the 



4nercy of the weather after this season, unless in 

 favoured localities ; but it will be better to place them 

 in skeleton frames or any sheltered situation where they 

 can be covered in case of need, than to huddle them too 

 thickly together under glass, or to put them under the 

 shade of Vines. See that tree Violets are perfectly free 

 from their enemy red spider, for if the foliage is allowed 

 to get disfigured at this season the plants will be un- 

 sightly for some time. Greenhouse. — See that Epa- 



- crises and other winter blooming things are placed in a 

 light part of the house, where they will be fully ex- 

 posed to the sun, so as to get the wood well ripened, 



■and ensure their blooming freely. Examine Heaths 

 and anything else subject to mildew frequently, 

 and apply sulphur immediately the pest can be per- 

 ceived. Water must be very carefully applied at this 

 season, especially in the case of large specimens, for 

 there is much more danger in overwatering now than 

 when the weather is warmer and the plants more active, 

 therefore look over the plants frequently, and never 

 water until it is necessary. Any of the late growing 

 Heaths which may be in want of more pot room may 



house where the atmosphere can be kept sufficiently dry 

 to prevent injuring the foliage ; here they will soon get 

 hold of the soil, and may then be stored away for the 

 winter in a cool, dry house. Any of the beds which 

 have become shabby, and that are to be planted with 

 bulbs or anything else for spring flowering, should be 

 cleared at once and replanted. Keep the grass short 

 and frequently rolled, so as to prevent the growth oi 

 Moss, and keep the surface hard and smooth, 

 roll gravel walks frequently in damp weather, sa 

 render them hard and smooth. 



FORCING DEPARTMENT. 



Pineries —If the bottom heat is obtained partly from 

 tan and partly frcm pipes under the bed, as is fre- 

 quently the case where the pot system of culture is 

 practised, care must be observed not to get it too strong, 

 of which' there will be some danger, owing to the in- 

 creased amount of fire heat that will be necessary after 

 this season. Provided there is the means of stopping 

 the circulation in the pipes under the bed, as there 

 always should be, the temperature will be very easily 

 regulated, but where the one set of pipes cannot be 

 worked without the other the bottom heat must be fre- 

 quently examined, especially where fresh tan has lately 

 been added, and if found to le getting too strong the 

 pots should be slightly raised, drawing the tan from 

 about them. Any excess of bottom heat is very 

 injurious to Pines at any season, and would be 

 particularly so now when the injured roots would 

 not be so speedily replaced by new ones, as would 

 be the case in spring or summer when the plants 

 are growing more vigorously, and no care that may be 

 necessary to secure a steady bottom-heat of about 80° 

 or 85° should be spared. Give air rather freely on 

 bright days to 1 plants ripening their fruit, and also to 

 young stock in a growing state, and do not keep the 

 latter so warm as to induce anything like weakly growth, 

 or long thin foliage ; but regulate the temperature 

 according to the amount of light and the state of the 

 plants. Where the temperature is maintained by means 

 of dung linings, the plants must be kept very close to the 

 glass and rather dry at the root, admitting air as freely 

 as can be done without lowering the temperature too 

 much, for there >i!l be nothing gained by growing 

 plants at this season as freely as it is possible to do in 

 dung heat. Success in Pine growing is to some extent 

 dependent upon having a supply of suitable soil, and 

 fortunately this is not difficult to obtain in most neigh- 

 bourhoods ; but the best turf is greatly injured by being 

 cut and carted in a wet state, therefore see to getting a 

 good stock laid in before the ground gets saturated with 

 wet. Vineries. — Attend to last week's directions as to 

 protecting the borders from heavy rains, and whatever it 

 may be purposed to do in this way should not be put off 

 until the ground gets saturated with wet. Keep 

 houses in which the fruit is ripe dry and cool, using 

 gentle fires with a little air when the weather is damp, 

 and also on cold nights. Be very sparing, however, 

 in the use of fire heat after the Grapes are fairly ripe, 

 as most varieties soon shrivel if kept too warm after 

 they are ripe; but where the fruit is not yet ripe use 

 brisk fires with a free circulation of air. Keep Vines 

 in pots, where the object is to ripen the wood, rather 

 dry at the root, with a rather warm dry atmosphere, 

 and expose them to all the light possible ; and where 

 the wood is properly ripened get the plants pruned and 

 remove them to a cool situation, but if out of doors 

 see that the roots are protected from too much wet or 

 frost. Young Vines planted this season that have made 

 a fair amount of growth should be kept rather warm 

 with a dry atmosphere, divesting them of all useless 

 laterals, so as to get the canes thoroughly ripened, 

 but such as may not be considered sufficiently strong, 

 and are growing freely, may be encouraged with a 

 moderately warm moist atmosphere for some time 

 longer ; but it must not be forgotten that small well 

 ripened canes will break more strongly next season than 

 large gross ill ripened ones. Peaches. — Keep as cool 

 and dry as possible where the wood is ripe, and draw up 

 the sashes at night when there is any appearance of 



" . ... , " t % « ° ine sasnes at nignt wnen mere is any appearance or 



Heaths which may be in want ot more pot room may rai g() flS |0 * ?ei|t tfae inside borders tti satu . 



still be shifted, but do not expose them to cold winds rated whh we £ Alg() do what , ittle ■ be 



and water very carefully afterwards, for the roots necessarv as soon aa the leaves are fairlv off. and eet 



cannot be expected to progress very rapidly at this 

 season. Get everything requiring it nicely tied as soon 

 as possible, so as to give the plants a neat appearance, 

 and render the house as interesting as possible, in the 

 abeence of any grand display of bloom. 



FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



Where alterations are in hand concentrate all the 

 Strength that can be commanded upon this work, and 

 get the removal of large Evergreens, &c., effected as 

 soon as circumstances will admit, for the most favour- 

 able season for this work will soon be past. And now that j 

 the weather is showery not a day should be unnecessarily 

 lost in getting whatever large plants it may be intended 

 to remove this season into their fresh places, as if trans- j 

 planted at once there mil be a chance of the plants 

 forming a few fresh roots before winter, therefore see 

 to getting this kind of work forward as rapidly as pos- \ 

 sible. The scarcer varieties of variegated Geraniums 

 should not be risked in the beds too long, but had better 

 be taken up and potted immediately the weather becomes 

 threatening for unless they can be covered at night in the 

 event of frost, and even then they are hardly likely t ) be 

 of any service in the flower garden much longer this 

 season, and as it is a work of time to get up a good 

 stock of these, they should not be risked out too late 

 where it can be avoided. After potting it will be a good 

 plan to place them on a gentle bottom-heat in a pit or 



the gross habit for a season, would not tadnce a frnUJ-j 



that weeds ai 

 taking advantage 



en and ridged up for the winter • a W 

 i-e destroyed among growing rroM 

 _ of dry days for this work, and £ 

 every corner thoroughly cleaned, for the weather nS» 

 soon be less favourable for this sort of work. Ke 

 Celery rather closely earthed up, in order to prevent 

 the plants getting injured by frost. 



STATE OF THE 

 For the week e 



THE WEATHER AT CHISWICK, NEAR LONI>n\ 

 riding Oct. II, lS55,a» observed at th* Horticultural G*rl 



Oct. 



Friday 5 



Satur. 6 



Sunday 7 



Mod.. S 



Tues. 9 

 Wed. Hi 

 Thura. II 



Averaee 



a 



24 



2» 



26 



27 

 2S 



29 



Babomstir. 



Max. Min. 



29.351 

 2)Xol 

 29.370 

 29.5 d 

 29 51-2 

 29. "86 

 29.697 



29.331 

 29.2>2 

 29.25 i 



29.467 

 29.4-8 



29.'" 7"* 

 29.573 



TkmFE&ATURK. 



G "*t* 



Oi the Air. 



Max.! Mm. 



56 

 64 



«7 



62 

 58 

 61 



Mean \ toot 







51) 







53.0 



50 



575 



39 



515 



36 



51.5 



41 



51.5 



39 



4^.5 



52 



5G.5 



Of the E.nb ^ i 



teei J 



deep. 





57 

 57 



57 

 59 



58 



57 



55 



57 

 57 

 57 

 * 7* 

 57 



»7 



56 



S.W. 

 S. 

 S 



s.w. 



vv. 



N.tt 

 B.W. 



29.516 [ 29.438 f 61.8 ' 43.8 | 52.8 f 57.1 &6.9 



11 

 .(3 

 .19 

 M 

 JK 



Oct. 5— Fine; heavy showers ; much rain at night. 



— 6— Fine: very fine; cloudy. 



— 7— Cloudy; fine; fogsy at night. 



— H— Slight Tain ; very fine throughout ; foggy at night. 



— 9— Koggy; very fine; cloudy. 



— ]0— Fine; clou.ly at night. 



— 11— Rain; showery and rather boisterous ; rain at night. 



Mean temperature of the week 1 deg above the average. 



RECORD OF THE WEATHER AT CHISWICK. 

 During the last 29 years, for the ensuing week, endinst Oct. 20, \m . 



Sunday 14 



VI on. 

 Tues. 

 Wed. 

 Thu. 



Frid. 

 Satur. 



15 

 16 



17 

 18 



19 



2<» 



59 



57.6 

 58.1 



57-8 



57.8 



59.1 

 59.1 



41.3 

 4i'.H 

 40.2 

 41.4 

 41.8 

 39.8 

 40.3 



50.2 

 49 



49.1 

 49.6 

 49.8 

 495 



49.7 



No. of 



Years in 

 which it 

 Rained. 



Greatest 



Quantity 

 of Rain. 



Prevailing \\\xni 



r-T 







1 

 2 



4 2 



3 



1 

 1 



4 & 



1 2 5 



2 3 1 

 1 2 3 



1 3- 





y * Z 



3 5 5 



, . 4 *;« 



1 3 B' SjJ 



511 . 

 b 



15 9 3 



1 

 3 

 3 



4 



3 



r 

 ■3 



The highest temperature during the above period occurred nn the M* 

 1845— therm. 76 deg.; and the lowest on the 19th, 184 % and 20th, 1M2- 

 — therm. 22 deg. ^_^ 





necessary as soon as the leaves are fairly off, and get 

 the paiut, &c, washed, and the house thoroughly cleaned, 

 after which it may be used for sheltering plants where 

 room is scarce ; but be careful not to introduce any- 

 thing that is infested with black thrips, for if this pest 

 once gets into a house it is not easily got rid of. If any 



of the trees have to be replaced this should be done at 

 once. 



HARDY FRUIT AND KITCHEN GARDEN. 



Attend to what fruit remains out of doors, looking 

 over it frequently, and gathering it as it becomes fit, so 

 as to prevent its being blown down and bruised by high 

 winds. Keep the fruit-room cool and airy, and examine 

 the fruit frequently and pick out any that are found to 

 be decaying. Use every possible means to get the wood 

 of Peach and Nectarine trees well ripened, and where 

 the walls are ttued a little fire heat should be applied 

 until the leaves begin to fall freely. Also, if the trees 

 are too thick of young wood every shoot that will 

 not be wanted at nailing time should be cut out, 

 so as to expose those left to all the light possible. 

 Attend to former directions as to root pruning, and 

 where this is required get it done ot once. Root 

 pruning, however, is not of much service where the 

 subsoil is such that the roots can strike down into it, 

 and where such is the case it will be better to lift over- 

 luxuriant trees and concrete the bottom of the border, 

 as cutting the horizontal roots, although it might check 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Acre : D. Bowman. Any book of Arithmetic will give you the 

 information. An English acre consists of 4840 square yards. 



Adulteration of Food: P D. The report to which you allude 

 was confined to Chicory and Coffee. It was prepared fortlw 

 use of the Excise officers and the Board of Excise, and has not 



been published. 



Diseases : G F. It is a fungus called ^Ecidium laceratum, one of 

 the most mischievous of all parasites. The White Thorn, the 

 Pear, and the Service are most especially subject to its attacks, 

 which occasionally destroy them. There is no known remedy. 

 We should cut off the parts attacked and bum them. The seeds 

 of the fungus are supposed to be taken up from the soil by the 

 roots of the trees that are attacked. 



Fruit Borders: Inquirer. We do not consider cropping fruit- 

 tree borders with Strawberries a proof of good gardenrog- 

 quite the contrary. Indeed many gardeners are against 

 cropping them at ail, but this we think is carrying the thing to 

 the opposite extreme, as it is very rare that borders can be dis- 

 pensed with. Provided they are well manured, Lettuces inu 

 similar dwarf crops maybe grown without injury to the fruit 

 trees, but in no case should vegetables of any description be 

 sown or planted nearer than 4 teet from the stem. B. 



Fruit Trecs : W C. You will do well to select the six sorts ot 

 Pears you propose, for they are known to be good. The merits 

 of the twelve others you mention have not been suflicientiy 



ascertained in this country. || . 



Glass : Henry. The proper lap is always understood to equal rne 



thickness of the glass and no more. 



Insects: R M. We suppose (although your description is tar to* 

 vague) that the caterpillars on your Cauliflowers are those or 

 the large garden white butterfly. Hand-picking is the m»i 

 remedy; a child will clear a bed in a couple of hou ^~v:' 

 Your caterpillar is the common hop-dog, or larva of f omD /j; 

 (Dasychira)pudibunda.-C*'. The grubs in your pasture are 

 not those of the daddy-longlegs. They are the young lane 01 

 the common cockchafer. As they appear to be numerous u 

 would be well to turn up the infested spots and picfc out uw 

 grubs; rolling the part will not be. effectual. IK 



Names of Fruits : W G B. Your Pear is the M ftne L° n ^ a 

 Clapkam, W. 1, Beurre DM; 2, 8, Fasse Colmar; 3 A auto 

 Louise; 4, Glout Morceau; 5, Beurre de Capianniont, . :m 

 Apple is Team's Pippin.- IF A'. 45 and 47 are of the Doyenn 

 kind; probably both are the DoyennS blanc; 4b m a" 

 French Pear, the MansuetteJ whmtl? 



Names of Plants : We have been so often obliged to reiucuu 

 decline naming heaps of dried or other plants, that we ^ % 

 to request our correspondents to recollect that we ne™ • 

 or coull have undertaken an unlimited duty ot /"" , r 

 Young gardeners, to whom these remarks more especially n- g 

 should bear in mind that, before applying to us lor aasto » 

 they should exhaust their other means of gaining mioni 1 

 We cannot save them the trouble of examining and tin -j 

 for themselves; nor would it be desirable if we could. £ ^ 

 can do is to help them— and that most willingly, it ^ 

 requested that, in future, not more than four plam^ . * ^ 

 sent ufl at one time.—/? II C. See p. 648. Your mitj fV^^ 

 misread. It happened that two persons with the sam ^ 

 rece ved answers; but you were supposed to^ be * *- s j n % 

 will find your answer at the place indicated. The pia ^ 



very succulent condition, and approaches A. *"fe tu ^.- 

 although we believe it to be really referable to a. ■ V 

 F M G. A Euonymus and apparently E. atropurpu 





E Y jr. Erica cinerea and Luzula sylvatica. ^ 



Nectarines : Mary. Your seedling proved very gooa , 



resembles the Violetftt IIatlve.|| .. aV betf 



Plums: E Pierce. Your "seedling" is excellent ; w , A age .j} 

 comparison with the Royale Hative or with the rurp .j^te 

 Pyrolignkous acid: An Old Sfibscriber will be mux w ^ 

 any of our correspondents who will state their *» vhich 

 the distance from a dwelling-house in the «^»" * without 

 a manufacture of pyroligneous acid may be can leu diDg fc 

 endangering the health or comfort of the tamiiy 



that dwelling house. . t „ baap is a rpry 



Koshs: J W. We are still of opinion that your -Row » t Tbe 



tender kind, and that your climate ».^3 ier gort.t . -T 

 only remedy therefore is replacing it with a :"*^ oving Tjn* 

 Rose Stocks: MD. Doubtless ther. is ™^ ! " ^"^.ise M 



stocks, the buds of which ha* I10 ^^? j°J Tv cbeA ^ 

 probable that the removal will give the stock a ^ 



result of which will certainly be to cause ^^^^^toitsroott 

 if you can remove the stock without doing any >Un , ^ ^ 

 to cause the spring growth to be checked, thini 



Seeds: **. Vegetable and flower seed^nported from tbeco 



tinent are exempt from duty.J ■• u ba t ot &> 



IHtO : J //. Your seedling is very glossy and prti >, ^ 



V As'uLal, many communications have ^ffS^ m*£ 

 'and others are detained til the "^f/^Sponden^ *» 

 We must also beg the indulgence ojjhomc.rve P 

 insertion of whose contributions is still delayer 



