7?S 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



mi the 



>m 



their route b< sept in a, nealthy active State. It is a ( 

 what tedious a ration to wash the leaves of a 



[Nov. 3, 1855. 



Jar-je specimen singly by hand, l<ut fortunately this is 

 sp ! m nece. try, as most plants may be cleaned at this 

 seas i when the foliage is not in a tender state, by 



lajing them on their sides aud well washing them with 

 Water at about 140 # ,ore*en 160° ; throwing the water 



^atnst them with considerable force from the engine 

 II not injure the matured foliage of hard- wooded 

 plants. Any neglected specimens that may be badly 

 infested with scale may require to be gone over with a 

 brush for the purpose of removing the scale, as warm 

 water will not be sufficient to clear plants of this pest. 



Rit the most expeditious and satisfactory method which B oil totte fWl7epth^ 

 we have tried of cleaning plant* *f scale or whatever mould t0() dch & p , 



Ise they may be mtested with, is to well moisten the «„f„™„_kw™;«,. w. 



in 



foliage, &&, with the composition recommended 

 Wil ms's "Orchid Grower's Manual" (see page 21), 

 laying the plant in a damp place, and allowing a few 



hours for the composition to take effect, and then well 



washing the plant with warm water fr<>m the engine, which 

 we geuerally find sufficient. In the case of dense 

 ppecimens, however, it will be necessary to look over 

 the inner branches, against which the water cannot be 

 thrown with any force ; but this will not occupy much 

 time, as a mere wipe with a sponge will be sufficient to 

 remove scale i r fifth. Had Mr. Veitch, from whom Mr. 

 Williams states he received the receipt, advertised 

 this composition in the same determined manner 

 Messrs. Page & Co. have done theirs, he would have done 

 •wieners a real service, and would doubtless have made 

 a good thing of it. But we would not recommend using 

 this mixture upon trees which cannot be laid on their 

 side without adopting some precaution to prevent its 

 reaching the roots ; this may be easily done, however, 



by placing Something round the stem to absorb it and pre- 

 vent its reaching the soil. Greenhouse. — Look over the 

 plants here frequently, and examine things very closely 

 That are liable to suffer from mildew and damp, such as 

 Leschenauitias, Boronias, &c, for a short neglect will 

 sometimes result in the disfigurement of a promising 

 ) v.t. The Boronias, Leschenauitias, Gomphoiobiums, 

 \c, are very impatient of exposure to cold drying 

 winds, and if these must be wintered in the same house 

 *ith the hardier kinds of greenhouse plants, they should 

 occupy a part of the house where they will not be 

 exposed to cold draughts ; but air must be admitted by 

 the top sashes fr !y on fine days. Also exercise the 

 greatest caution in the application of water, especially 

 in the case of tender-rooted things which have not well 

 matured their season's growth, for if the balls of these 

 get turated the roots will be cheeked and the specimens pactions should be made at once, such as having a 



greatly injured. Therefore, never water until the ball J 



iff so dry that it cannot safely be withheld longer, and 



then give enough to moisten the whole of the bail, 



whether large or small. Young specimens of Azaleas, kee P £ ood for weeks, and will be out of the way of injury 



which have been growing in heat, had better be removed from lrost ' nn,e: -" s this should be very severe. The late 



to a cool-house for a few months, which will cause them l cro ps °f Celery should now be earthed up rather closely, 



to start away more freely in spring. Keep Cinerarias 



ahd other soft* wooded stock clear of green fly, and 



FLOWER ( DEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



Those who purpose making additions to their collec- 

 tion of Roses should do so at once, as there will be a 

 better chance of obtaining good plants now than after 

 the nursery stock has been repeatedly picked. And the 

 present season is also very favourable for planting all but 

 tender sorts, which had better be kept under glass until 

 next May; but theseshould be procured at once,and if the | 

 can be placed in a gentle heat through the winter, they 

 will grow freely, and furnish cuttings which will root 

 just as freely as a Verbena. In preparing ground for 

 Roses let it be trenched at least 2 feet deep, and well 

 incorporate a very heavy dressing of manure with the 



It is hardly possible to make the 

 any kind of Rose, particularly the 

 autumn-blooming kinds, and 4 or 6 inches of good rotten 

 farm-yard dung will not be too much where the soil is 

 naturally rather light and poor. Large headed standards 

 that have done blooming for the season should be cut 

 back pretty freely, to lessen the chance of tl>eir being 

 injured by heavy gales of wind. Continue to clear the 

 beds of their summer occupants as these become un- 

 sightly, and after trenching or doing whatever can be 

 done to save time at next planting out season get them 

 furnished for the spring. Also look over the herbaceous 

 borders, and make any projected alterations there, taking 

 up and dividing any of the coarse growing plants that 

 may be inclined to encroach too much upon their neigh- 

 bours. The modern system of gardening is fast driving 

 this class of plants out of cultivation ; but many of them 

 are really beautiful, and if they were more largely grown 

 our gardens would not have that naked appearauce in 

 spring which is too often seen. Sweep and roll Grass 

 frequently, and keep gravel walks hard and smooth by 

 frequent rollings. 



HARDY FRUIT AND KITCHEN GARDEN. 



Let there be no lack of attention in the fruit-room at 

 present, for fruit requires more care during the first 

 few weeks after gathering than all the season after- 

 wards. Give just sufficient air to carry off damp, but 

 nothing more, as allowing dry winds to blow over the 

 fruit would only cause shrivelling. Strawberries for 

 early forcing should be placed where they can be pro- 

 tected from drenching rains — a cold frame or pit, where 

 either can be spared, would be the best situation for 

 them ; but the lights should not be put on save in case 

 of rain and frost. And, indeed, the whole stock in pots 

 for forcing would be benefited by being placed where 

 they could be guarded from heavy rains. We may now 

 expect sharp frosts at any time, and all necessary pre- 



good stock of covering for the most forward Lettuce, 

 Endive, &c. Cauliflower in head, if not wanted for use, 

 may he pulled up and hung in a cool shed, where it will 



making the ridges as narrow at the top as can conveniently 

 be done, and nicely finishing the sides with the back of 



Endeavour to secure stocky plants by affording them 

 .•sufficient pot-room, and admitting fre*h air freely when- J 

 ever the weather permits. Cinerarias are rather liable 

 to be attacked by mildew at this season, and if this 



enemy makes its appearance apply sulphur immediately 

 it is perceived. 



Pin 



FORCING DEPARTMENT. 



Where the bottom-heat is obtained from 



fermenting materials it is generally found to decline 

 very rapidly on the occurrence of dull cloudy weather, 

 and any necessary addition of tan, or whatever else is 

 used should be made directly it is wanted, so as to 

 secure a steady temperature of about 85° for the roots. 

 In adding fresh fermenting matter at this season it will 

 bo worth being at some trouble to have it in a rather 

 dry state, for when used very wet it is apt to chill the 

 roots at first, and when fermentation commences the 

 heat often becomes so strong that the plants must be 

 raised. Vinkrus. — PJpe Grapes will require to be fre- 

 quently looked over, cutting out any decaying berries ; 

 and ii the bunches have not been well tinned, the 

 inside berries must be carefully examined in the event 

 of d unp weather, otherwise the bunches will be very 

 liable to get disfigured. Avoid, if possible, having pot 

 plants requiring watering in houses where the fruit is 

 expected to hang for any time, and where any plants 

 must be kept under the Vines they should be watered 

 in the morning, using a little fire-heat with air to get 

 the atmosphere dry before night. 



accessary here when the weather is damp, but use no 

 itiore than may be necessary to keep the atmosphere in 

 motion, for too much warmth is nearly as injurious as 

 damp. Vines that are pruned, and being rested previous 

 to being started shortly, should be kept cool, keeping 

 the house open, and if there is any cause to fear that 

 the wounds will not be properly dried up during the 

 time that the Vines can be allowed to rest, give them a 

 coat of rather thick white lead which will effectually 

 prevent bleeding. If not already done, get the border 

 covered with something to keep it from getting saturated 

 with wet, for it is of the greatest importance to have 

 the border in a dry kind state when the Vines are 

 started and especially when this is early in winter. 

 Where new borders have to be made this season, attend 

 to providing the necessary material for the purpose in 

 time to allow of having it in .rood condition by the 

 time it may be wanted for use, and where young Vines 

 have to be procured from the nursery, these should be 

 looked out as soon as possible, and before the stock has 

 been too often picked over. 



the spade so as to prevent, as far as possible, the soil 

 about the plants getting saturated with wet. The 

 soil about the early crop-, or that fit for use, should also 

 be made to throw off the wet as much as possible, 

 pressing it firm about the tops of the plants, and making 

 the top of the ridge narrow and smooth. Of course 

 Celery will not be earthed up after this season when 

 the plants are wet, neither should it be done when the 

 soil is wet, if this can be avoided. Mixing plenty of 

 quick lime with the soil about the plants will, we think, 

 be found of considerable use in preventing their rotting 

 in winter, and it will also save them from being dis- 

 figured by slugs. The Asparagus haulm may now be 

 cleared off, cleaning the ground, and giving a good 

 dressing of rotten manure; and in the case of young 

 plants which are only very lightly covered, the manure 

 might be mixed with a quantity of leaf soil, applying a 

 good solid coat 2 or 3 inches thick if the manure and 

 leaf soil can be spared. 



STATE OF THE WEATHER AT CHISW1CK. NEAR LONDON. 

 Forth« week ending Nov. 1, LS55.M ob*enreit »f Uw Hortir.nl »n**l IHrde»». 



Oct. 

 and Nov. 



°6 



Friday * 



Satur. 27 

 Sunday 23 



Gentle tires will be Tue*. . 



Wed. 31 



Than. 1 

 Average . 



1* 



15 



Ifi 



17 



10 

 2tl 



c 



Baromitbr. 





l km rKKATiim. 







Ol the Air. 



Of the 



1 loot 

 deep. 



IT 



Bartl 



Wind. 



11 ax. 



Min. 



Max.. 



56 



Mm. i 



Mean 



2 teei 

 deep. 







2 usi 



31 



iv5 



54 



s.w. 



-I' 1 



29.314 



54 



*:« 



40 



54 



54 



S.W. 



IK . 



25*711 



2V.6^5 



13 



40 



46.5 



•2i 



53 



_ ■ 





x*7 «*J *»'• 



- t.-'M 



b-: 



46 



■*y.«» 



5i.'£ 



52* 



N.E. 



29.21, 



29.i i - . ■ 



53 



46 



49.3 



hi 



51 



N.E, 



29.i2* 



29.300 



47 



3; 



40.5 



52 



ou 



N. 



.. . 



i-j.70 1 



29.6 ft] 



44 



5 1 :i 



37 



1 35.7 



33.5 



52 



49 



K. 



29.504 



29.314 



4:1.5 



1 52.7 



5?.3 1 



1 



.28 

 00 

 .1 

 63 

 .98 

 .22 

 .00 



2.14 



Oct. 



Nov. 



•25_Very boisterous ; overcast ; heavy rain in forenoon ; fine at 



night. 



27— . very fine ; cloudy; frosty at ni^ht. 



2*— Very dear ; fine; ove.ca*t. 



1— Urizzly ; heavy and n-nsstant rain. 

 30— Constant rnin throughout. 



I— Cold rain with brisk north wind. 



1— Low clouds, with clear intervals ; clear and frosty at night. 

 Mean temperature of tue weeK -■* deg. below the average. 



RECORD OF THE WEATHER AT CHISW1CEL. 

 During the last 29 years, for the ensuinsc week, ending Xov. 10, IH&5. 







a» it v 



t«* 



X E ~ 



u < = 



** 2 * 



41.0 



No. of 

 Y ears in 

 which i? 

 Rainei. 



lb 



Greatest 



Quantity 

 °f Rain. 



M4 in. 



Prevailing Wind 



Nov, 



■ 



2 



• 



3 



1 



4 





.1 



> 



• 



Sunday 



4 



! 51.<1 



:-70 



jjsj &' 5 *n, 



vi on. 





9 



3*.* 



45 4 



14 



O.n 



1 



2 



2 2 6 lo 4 



*l 



Tues. 



6 



53 2 



7 



46.0 



13 



t .76 



\\ 1 



4 4 101 3 



4 



Wed. 



4 



524 



3a. 2 



..3 



i, 



1.2 



1 



2 2 3 H 4 3 



rim. 



• 



s 



61.2 



:,».; 



43.4 



14 



• >.5S 



13 1-2 il>! 6 4 



■ — ' 



rid. 



1 



50.7 



tt.7 



43.2 



11 



o.:< 



2 1 3 2 4 9| 3- 5 



Atur. 



10 



51.1 ' 



36.5 1 



as 



17 



1 



2 





I 



4 



5 S 





4 



The highest temperature during the above period occurred 00 th>- 5th, 



1852, and 6th, 13^4— therm. 63 deg.; and the lowest on the 9th, 1334 — 

 therm, l^ dej.. 



Notices to Ccrrestrondents. 



1 1 **• 



5, small, with brisk flavour but not rich."' The 7 Pear is smalV 

 roundish, with tender but coar.se grained flesh, and a sweettoi' 

 flavour resembling that of the. Beai de la Motte.fl 



Books: Constant Header. Cobhett's English Gardener (61 V 

 Neill'B Fruit, Flower, and Kitchen Garden; The Mani' 

 Garden, a little Scotch manual; or perhaps Mawe and \ber 

 crombie's Gardening. We cannot give you prices, because 

 publishers will not mark them on the volumes they issue 



Durmast Oak : J P, and others. Your information is extreme!* 

 useful. If other correspondents having a personal knowledge 

 of Quercus Bessiiiflora and pedunculata, and of their timber 

 would be so good as also send us their experience, a difficult 

 question of the highest national importance would be finally 

 set at rest. y 



Insects : O N R. Water the roots of your Picotees and Carna- 

 tions with tobacco-water or an infusion of quassia, to destroy 

 the aphides clustering round them.— W F B. The gall sent is dis- 

 tinct from the common Oak Apple, which is very much larger 

 with numerous cells; it is more like the gall figured in 

 the Gardeners' Chronicle on the 24th March in the present year 

 bur is distinct from it. JP. ' 



Lead : Ten Years, We do not know whether sea water will act 

 on leaden pipes. We should have thought that the sulphate 

 of magnesia, which is so abundant in such water, would hare 

 protected the surface of the lead. Perhaps you have had an 

 iron or copper screw soldered into the lead; in that ease an 

 electrical action would be set up, and the water would become 



contaminated. 



Mignonette : B C. Tree Mignonette is obtained by selecting 

 and potting a vigorous young plant, the flowers of which are to 

 be pinched off as often as they appear during the first season. 

 It must be repotted as occasion may require ; the lower shoots 

 must b°, removed in autumn, and the plant must be kept daring 

 winter in a room or greenhouse above the freezing point. The 

 second season it may be treated in a similar manner; and the 

 next year it may be allowed to bloom, which, with care, it will 

 continue to do for several years. % 



Names of Fruits: Z. 2, Autumn Bergamot; 3, Glou Morceau ; 

 4, Duchesse d'Angouleme; 5, Comte de Lamy; 7, Easter 

 Beune; 8, Beurre Diel ; 9, Beurre Bosc; 10, 11, Doyenne 

 Blanc; 14, Aston Town.— J S Wath. Apples, 1, Turk's Cap; 



2, Kirke's Lord Nelson; 3, resembles the Brabant Ballefleur; 

 4, Large Hunthouse; 6, Worthless; 7, Nonsuch; 8, Beurre de 

 Capiaumont; 9, Beurre Ranee; 10, Glou Morceau. The 

 seedling Apple has a brisk acidity, and appears to be a good 

 keeper; it is too unripe to judge of its merits at present.— 

 E B 11. 1, 10, Napoleon ; 2, Marie Louise; 3, Ne Plus Meuris; 

 4, Seckel; 5, 6, 14, 16, Passe Colnaar ; 8, Doyenne* Blanc; 

 9, 18, Glou Morceau; 11, Catillac; 12, St. Germain ; 15, Beurre 

 Diel; 17, Winter Nelis— # A. 1, Napoleon; 2, Marie Louise; 



3, Crassane; 4, Brown Beurre; 5, Seckel; 7, Blenheim Pippin; 

 8, Waltham Abbey Seedling.— W F. 3, Golden Horny ; 5, Pear- 

 son's Plate ; 6, Hughes' Golden Pippin ; 7, 10, Dutch Mignonne ; 

 8, Paradise Pippin ; 9, New Rock Pippin ; 11, Court of Wick ; 

 12, Seckel Pear.— loatce. 19, Bergamotte Cadette; 23, Doyenne 

 Blanc; 25, Althorp Crassane, Marie, Louise, and Easter Beurre 

 aiv correct; the one named Orange Bergamot is decayed, but un- 

 doubtedly false.— Henry B. 2, Brabant Bellefleur ; 5, Dumelow's 

 Seedlmg; 6, Pearson's Plate; 8, London Pippin; 10, Downtou ; 

 11, Easter Beurre; 12, Ne Plus iMeuris; 13, Beurre* de Capiau- 

 mont; 15, Hughes' Golden Pippin; 16, Borsdorffer; 18, 

 Hormead Pearmain; 19, Sturm er Pippin.— S C. 1, Winter 

 Nelis ; 2, Passe Colmar ; 3, Louise Bonne (of Jersey) ; 4, Beurre 

 Bosc; 5, appears to be the Althorp Crassane; 6, Beurre Diel. 

 — J C W. 1, Winter Nelis; 2, Seckel; 3, Old Colmar.— H Bel- 

 lew. 1, Uved ale's St. Germain; 2. Chaumontel; 3, Swan's 

 Egg; 6, Kerry Pippin; 7, Bf argil; 8, Ribston Pippin; 9,10, 

 Gausel's Bergamot; 13 r Bezi Vaet; 15, Ne Plus Mauris. With 

 regard to the quality of No. 1, it is a baking Pear, and is only 

 good for that purpose.— Clapham, W. 7, Jean de Witte; 9, 



Passe Colmar.— M S, Tuam % Passe Colmar; 3, 12, Beurre 



Ranee; 4, 11, Marie Louise; 5, 8, Glou Morceau; 6, 10 f 

 Doyenne Blanc; 9, 15, Beurre Diel; 13, Napoleon; 16, Autumn 

 Bergamot ; 18, UvedaWs St. Germain. |) 

 Names of Plants : We have been so often obliged to reluctantly 

 decline naming heaps of dried or other plants, that we venttua 

 to request our correspondents to recollect that we never have 

 or coull have undertaken an unlimited duty of this kind. 

 Young gardeners, to whom these remarks more especially apply, 

 should bear in mind that, before applying to us for assistance, 

 they should exhaust their other means of gaining information. 

 We cannot save them the trouble of examining and thinking 

 for themselves ; nor would it be desirable if we could. All we 

 can do is to help them— and that most willingly. It is now 

 requested that, in future, not more than four plants may bs> 

 sent us at one time.— Eben. Of your Oaks, No. 1 is Qu. pe- 

 dunculata ; 2 and 3 are Q. sessiliflora. As the specimens come 

 apparently from large trees, you will probably be able to give 

 us some certain information respecting the difference in their 

 timber, for which we shall be much obliged to yoa.—Tilehurst. 

 It looks like a morsel of some form of Chrysanthemum grand 

 florum. Had you told us whether it is annual or shrubby and 

 hardy or tender we should have been able to form a more exact 

 opinion. — R M l D. It is either a Cedar of Lebanon or a Deodar. 

 It is impossible to say which without seeing the trees. — 

 T. Gaines. Acacia lophantha.— ,/// 0. 1, Adiantumhigpidulum; 

 2, A.tenerum; 3, A.cuneatum; 4, Nephrodiummolle. S. — A t 

 It is Polystichum angulare. S. — O S. Both are Lastrea spinu- 

 losa. S.—FF. 1, Doodiacaudata; 2, Platylomarotundifolium. S. 

 M W. Celtis australis, the Nettle tree.— G W. It looks like a 

 morsel of Achyranthes aspera, a tropical weed ; but it is im- 

 possible to be certain without seeing the flowers.— A'., Cheshire* 

 It is only Quercus pedunculata. Surely Q. sessiliflora does 

 grow in your county. Would you inquire and let us know what 



the timber merchants say to its timber — that is to say if they 

 distinguish it. — Julius. Senecio Cineraria; alias Cineraria 

 m arid ma. 



Rhubarb: Amateur. If you have no means of getting earthen- 

 ware Rhubarb pots, make a few upright boxes about 15 inches 

 square and 2 feet high, open at both ends. Place these over 

 the crowns of such plants as you intend to force, and then form 

 little beds of dung and leaves round them, keeping the dung 

 on the outside and the leaves next the boxes. Raise the beds 

 a little higher than the boxes, whose tops should be C0Ter ^J 

 with the dung ; but be'ore that is done, a piece of slate or wood 

 should be put over the top of the box to keep out the dung and 

 throw off wet. A stick pushed into the beds and left there 

 will tell, on being drawn out and felt, whether they are too hot 

 or too cold. By the above plan you may always calculate on 

 having Rhubarb from a month to six weeks earlier than you 

 would have it from the open ground. % 



The Tamarisk: U //. The only species which thrives away 



from the sea is Tamarix gallica, which is quite at home in 

 inland places. A specimen in heavy damp clay is now in sign* 

 of our windows a few mites from London, and forms one of the 

 prettiest ornaments of a not very unadorned garden. Tamanx 

 gerrrumica, the kind with blue leaves and pale green shoots, is 

 not wor.ii growing in inland places. 

 Transplanting Ferns: W G. will be obliged by some^ of 'our 

 correspondents informing him what is the proper method ior 



transplanting the common Ferti succe ifully. 

 T*skchin»: Lum&rfcu* states, in reply to "Colo's" request (see 

 pax«j 710), that he should carefully trench the ground over to 

 the Q% th <f 8 feet, and that the work bhould be performed at 



Id. per w d. . n 



• 4 * A tew corespondents who are this week unanswered wm 



receive replies next week. 



