760 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



[Nov. 17, 1855. 



the hill a distance of nearly three miles), we arrive at a 

 garden formed on the slope of the hill facing the south ; 

 from this secluded hut elevated spot the opening affords 

 a splendid view of a richly varied sylvan landscape ; 

 the garden is embowered in evergreen and deciduous 

 trees of large growth — an enormous standard Portugal 

 Laurel and several fine specimens of Hemlock Spruce 

 being particularly conspicuous. The garden is prettily 

 laid out in beds an<J borders, and is kept gay winter and 

 summer. Myrtles stand the winter in this favoured spot. 

 A beautifully grown Araucaria imbricata, 30 feet in 

 height, and a Cunninghamia stand on each side of a 

 flight of steps, and help to give character and effect to 

 the garden. In pursuing the walk many fine views of 

 the cast'e and the surrounding scenerv are obtained ; 

 summer-houses, rustic seats, and grottos, are placed at 

 interval* throughout the walk. The mausoleum is 

 situated on a hill near the castle, but its proximity is 

 concealed by trees. The approach is through a deep 

 cutting, overhung with lofty trees, the banks of the 

 cutting are lined with stone and overgrown with Ivy. 

 On entering the enclosed ground we approach the 

 mausoleum by a flagged pathway which passes through 

 a sombre grove of Yew trees. The mausoleum is" a 

 plain Norman-Gothic structure ; it contains a very fine 

 monument to the late Duchess by Wyatt. Cypresses 

 and Evergreens are planted about the building, and 

 give an appropriate gloom and solemnity to it. 



We shall next week give some account of the kitchen 

 garden at Belvoir. 



Calendar of Operations. 



(For the ensuing week.) 



PLANT DEPARTMENT. 



Conservatory, &c. — The summer flowering twiners, 



as Passion-flowers, Tacsonias, Mandevilla, &c, which 



OtnftUy become rather unsightly by this season, should 



be cut back rather freely, as also any others that will 



bear this treatment, so as to afford 'the plants under- 

 neath every possible ray of light. The shade afforded 



by luxuriant twiners may be rather beneficial to plants 



in bloom in the house when the sun is powerful ; but 



not a spray that can be spared should be left to obstruct 



the light after dull cloudy weather sets in. Acacias, 



and other winter-flowering plants, having been sub- 

 jected to a period of comparatively dry treatment, to 



ensure their blooming profusely, should now be liberally 



supplied with water at the root, in order to get them 



into flower during the dull season, when they will be 



much more esteemed than in spring, when flowers are 



becoming plentiful. Manure water, if it can be used 

 without annoyance to the family, should be given fre- 

 quen tly to Chrysanthemums,especially in the case of plants 

 to which it has been liberally applied during their growing 

 season, for these will bloom but poorly if their supply 

 of manure-water must be withheld. Give air freely on 

 every favourable opportunity, avoiding cold draughts 

 against plants that have been brought from a warm 

 house, 'and guard against damp by using gentle fires 

 with a little top-air on wet days. Let pot specimens in 

 bloom be frequently re-arranged, so as to make the 

 most of these, for the finest specimens become too 

 familiar to be interesting when allowed to remain too 

 long in one place. Cold Pits.— Get straw shutters, or 

 whatever covering it may be intended to use here pre- 

 pared without delay. Straw shutters, if well made, are 

 somewhat expensive in the first instance, but we believe 

 them to be the most efficient of any kind of covering 

 in use, and taking into account the time they last they 

 are, perhaps, as cheap as any. Expose the stock here 

 freely tr> air on every favourable opportunity, so as to 

 check growth and get the wood firm, \in which state the 

 plants will be less liable to suffer from the confinement 

 which may soon be necessary than if kept close and 

 coddled with too much warmth and moisture now. 

 Very little water will be required at the root, but look 

 over the stock every few days, withholding water until 

 it is absolutely wanted, and then giving a moderate 

 soaking, which is the only safe method of watering at 

 this season. If green-fly makes its appearance on any 

 of the soft- wooded things apply tobacco smoke at once 

 and see that this pest is extirpated at once, otherwise 

 it,will disfigure if not ruin the plants upon which it is 

 allowed to harbour. Heaths and other things subject to 

 the attacks of mildew must be closely watched, and 

 sulphur applied the moment that the enemy is perceived, 

 but neither this nor green-fly will be very troublesome, 



unless the plants are kept too close and damp ; therefore I of tne winter. Get the late crops of Celery closely 

 be careful to keep the stock rather dry, giving plenty fj earthed up the first dry day, and attend to securing a 

 air whenever this can be done with safety 



and endeavour to keep the 



occurrence of sharp frost, . 



bottom-heat steady at about 75°, and the soil m a 

 rather dry state. This system of Pine growing is 

 now, however, but little practised, and it would be 

 economy on the part of Ihoee who adopt it to supersede 

 it at once by means of a hot-water apparatus. 



FLOWER GARDEN AND SHRUBBERIES. 



Choice plants in the borders intended to be protected 

 for the winter by slightly covering the roots, &c, should 

 be seen to at once. Moss, when it can be obtained in 

 good thick flakey pieces is, perhaps, the best article that 

 can be used for this purpose ; but unless it can be pro- 

 cured in pieces of some thickness, it is not so good as 

 spent tan, coal ashes, or half decayed leaves. Also see 

 to getting Fuchsias, and such things as are usually pro- 

 tected for the winter by covering, secured against frost 

 before it is too late. Dry Fern is an excellent material 

 for covering the stems, &c, of plants that require a 

 slight protection in winter, and is, doubtless, the least 

 objectionable as regards colour of anything at command; 

 but this is not easily procured in many neighbourhoods, 

 and probably the best substitute is straw that has been 

 exposed to the weather sufficiently long to darken its 

 colour. Choice sorts of Hollyhocks, of which there is 

 not a sufficient stock of well established young plants in 

 pots should be taken up, potted, and placed under glass 

 for the winter ; for these cannot, with safety, be 

 trusted to the mercies of a severe winter, and plants 

 taken up and potted now, and wintered in a cool house, 

 will be exceedingly useful for furnishing cuttings ; and 

 these, if got in early in spring, will make splendid 

 plants for next season. Where alterations are in hand, 

 push these forward with all possible dispatch while the 

 weather continues favourable for out-door operations. 

 Be very careful to secure transplanted things against 

 the wind, especially plants of any size, which should 

 never be left until they are properly staked or otherwise 

 made fast, for when this is put off it frequently happens 

 that the roots get injured through the plants being 

 rocked about by the wind. Get any projected altera- 

 tions among the shrubbery or herbaceous borders done in 

 readiness for cleaning up as soon as the leaves are down ; 

 also get ground intended to be planted with Dahlias and 

 Hollyhocks next season deeply trenched and ridged up 

 so as to expose the soil as much as possible to the 

 weather, putting in plenty of good rotten manure, espe- 

 cially where the Hollyhocks are to stand, for these 

 require a deep rich soil. 



HARDY FRUIT AND KITCHEN GARDEN. 



A sowing of Peas and Beans to afford the chance of 

 a very early crop should be made at once, choosing the 

 most sheltered bit of ground at command, which should 

 also be of a light dry nature. In favoured localities it 

 is usual to sow somewhat earlier in the month, but we 

 have seldom seen any advantage result from sowing 

 before the 20th, and have frequently had those put in 

 early in the month cut up, while those planted later 

 survived the winter uninjured. In the event of such a 

 winter occurring as the last two, these will be destroyed 

 as a matter of course, but neither the labour nor "the 

 expense of the seed, which will be the only loss, is of 

 much account, and we have frequently had first-rate 

 crops from November sowings, and they are certainly 

 much less trouble than raising the plants under glass 

 in spring. Use an early hardy sort, such as the Daniel 

 O'Rourke. The forcing of Seakaleand Rhubarb must now 

 be attended to ; and, provided there is a good stock of 

 strong roots, a supply of these will be easily kept up. 

 Where there is room to spare in the Mushroom-house, 

 this forms a very suitable and convenient place for 

 forcing these. The roots should be placed on a slight 

 bed of warm dung, filling up the spaces between them 

 with old tan, or the soil and manure mixed from an old 

 Mushroom bed, giving a good watering to wash it in 

 amongst the roots. The bottom-heat should not be 

 allowed to exceed 70°, as too much heat is not favour- 

 able to securing strong growth, and, except for the first 

 crop, it may be dispensed with altogether. Take ad- 

 vantage of wet days for making fresh Mushroom beds, 

 and clearing out those that are spent ; also collect and 

 prepare droppings for forming fresh beds, by spreadin 

 them in any shed, and turning them every day until 

 they are sufficiently dried to prevent excessive fermen- 

 tation after putting up. Clear up all decaying leaves, 

 &c, and stir the surface of the soil on dry days among 

 growing crops, as Cabbage, Spinach, &c. ; also get all 

 vacant ground manured and ridged up as quickly as 

 possible, in order that it may be exposed to the influence 



(T 



PlNEKlES. 



FORCING DEPARTMENT. 



The trying perio i for those who have to 

 winter their young stock in pits heated by fermenting 

 materials has now arrived, for with sunless weather, 

 eudi as is common at this season, it is a very difficult 

 matter to preserve Pines in a healthy state, where 

 warmth must be accompanied by excessive moisture. 

 Keep the linings sufficiently strong to maintain the 

 temperature at about 65°, which will allow of giving air 

 rather freely on fine days, and a little must also be 

 given in all states of the weather, when doing so doei 

 not cause the glass to sink under 55°. There should be 

 no attempt made at inducii tg growth with the present 

 amount of light, but the linings should be kept rather 

 strong, so as to be prepared against the occurrence 

 of severe weather, and also to allow of giving 

 sufficient air to prevent excess of moisture. See 

 that efficient coverings are prepared previous to the 



late suppiy of Lettuce and Endive. 



STATE OF THE WEATHER AT CHISWICK, NEAR LONDON. 

 For the week ending Nov. 15, 1855, as observed at the Horticultural Gardl 



Not. 



X 



BiftOMITBE. 





Tsicr 



Friday 9 



Siitur. U> 

 Sunday 11 

 Mon.. 12 

 Tues. 13 

 Wed. U 

 Tfaurs 



A vernier 



1 



2 

 :i 



4 



5 

 6 



Max 



29.SP1 

 30.045 

 30.2. 



30.182 



aai'13 



I.00S 

 3 .If* 



Hin. 



».?&« 



39vS 7 

 30. 1 (> I 



u 



29.972 

 2y.*55 



1.08 1 



■ BATlfRk. 



Max 



Ot the Air. | Qi the fcan h 



Mm. Mean;** 001 , -*eet 



deep. deep. 



1 I 29 97 



59 



40 



58 



36 



M 



44 



50 



43 



48 



37 





2* 



47 



12 



52.3 i 35.0 



Wind. •= 



e 



Nov. 



9— Slight foar ; fine; slight rain. 

 10— Foggy; very fine; foggy. 

 11— Very fine; cloudy. 



—Slight fog; hazy; cloudy at night. 

 13— Uniformly overcast; cloudy. 

 14— Fine throughout; frosty at ni^ht. 

 15— Protty and fojcgy ; very fine ; dense fog. 

 M«an temperature of the week £ deg. above the average. 





RECORD OF THE WEATHER AT CHISWICK. 

 During the last 29 years, for the ensuing: week, ending Nov. 24.18& 



Nov. 



Sunday 18 

 IV 



21 



— i 



23 

 *:4 



Mon. 

 Tues. 

 Wed. 

 Thurs. 

 Friday 

 ur. 



- — 



55* 



48.2 



49 

 49.Q 

 495 

 455 

 4J.6 

 47.5 



V %. 9i 



34.2 



35/2 



3B.0 



37.8 

 35.3 



35.0 

 3 -L 6 



a s* 



* a 



41.2 



42.1 



42.5 

 43.7 

 40.4 

 41.3 

 40.0 



No. of 

 Years in 

 which it 

 ined. 



17 

 14 



11 



19 



18 



13 



9 



Greatest 

 Quantity 

 of Rain. 



0.56 in. 

 0.S7 



C.35 



0.37 

 0.62 

 0.36 



061 



Prevailin g Wi ndN 



2 



1 



1 



5 



3 



5 



4 



6 

 3 



- 



■ 



a 

 b 



1 

 2 

 2 

 4 

 5 



2 

 4 





310 



6 

 3 16 



2 4 



1 1 4 



2 2 3 



3 9 3 



4 6 



■ 



D 



6 6 J 



2' 1! » 



3. j 



3 



4 

 2 



1 



: 3 3 



The highest temperature during 

 1844, 21st. 13-28, and l?3i— therm. 59 

 therm. 16 deg. 



the above period occurred on the 20 A, 

 deg.; and the lowest on the 18th, 1851- 





Notices to Correspondents. 



Books : 2? R S. Errington on the Peach will doubtless answer 

 your purpose. J 



Cuba Bast. Bath. This is not the produce of a Tilia, nor is it 

 known of what other plant? It comes from the Havannah 

 but is said to be imported to that place from some other 

 country, some say from Ceylon. 



Fences : L G K. We advise you to form your fence with squared 

 Larch posts, pierced with strong wire, and painted dark green or 

 grey ; unless, indeed, you prefer iron uprights, through which 

 the wires are strained. They will look very neatly, if well 

 done. The inquiry about Poplar wood is to be found in another 

 column. For your lawn take the following Conifers, viz. 

 Deodar, Cryptomeria, Cupressus macrocarpa, and Govenianaj 

 Pinus insignis and Lindleyana, Juniperus sinensis, male and 

 female. 



Ferns: P. Phegopteris is, we apprehend, so called from 

 (pr.-yos a Beech tree, and therefore its English name should be 

 the Beech Fern, as indeed it is often, though not always, 

 called. Why Thelypteris is not called the Lady Fern or 

 female Fern, we cannot say, unless to avoid the chance of 

 its being confounded with the Filix foemina. Both names have 

 the same meaning, as you are aware, the first being Greek for 

 the second. As to the nomenclature, that employed by Mr. 

 Moore in his Nature-printed Ferns should be taken as the 

 standard in this country. 



Insects : J S. Your grubs are those of the common Cockchafer.:} 



Lawns : W P. A layer of fine cinder ashes about an inch thick 

 spread over the ground immediately under the turf of your 

 new lawn will doubtless prove useful in keeping worms from 

 coming to the surface. Should they, however, be troublesome 

 eveu after that precaution, an excellent remedy for the evil is 

 lime-water ; i. e. fresh burnt lime put into water and allowed 

 to stand till the lime has settled to the bottom, and then the 

 water used in a clear state.J 



Melon Pits : G S F H. An excellent description of pit is that 

 figured iu our volume for 1844. If you intend building 

 a good brick pit, it would be better to heat it with hot water in 

 4-inch iron pipes than employ tan, which you would find would 

 soon be overrun with woodlice, and to which we would certainly 

 prefer stable dung and leaves. Hot water, though more expense 

 at first, would be found cheapest in • e end, to say nothing of 

 the other advantages which attend k employment. We know 

 of no garden near London in which the Melon and Cucumber 

 pits are heated with tan, and we do not think it a good material 

 lor the purpose. As to kinds of Melons, the Beechwood and 

 Bromhain Hall are both excellent varieties; and as regards 

 Cucumbers, Cuthill's Black Spine will doubtless answer your 



purpose perfectly. $ 

 Names of Fruits: W D. 1, Passe Colmar; 2, Beurre* Diel; 

 3, Beurre Ranee; 4, Althorp Crassane ; 5, Napoleon; 6, Urba- 

 niste; 7, Bezi de Cai y. — JBD. 1, Scarlet Nonpareil; 2, 

 Boston Russet; 5, 19, Blenheim Pippin; 6, Alexander; 3, 

 Ribston Pippin; 10, Kerry Pippin; 11, Stunner Pippin; 12, 

 New Rock Pippin; 14, Tulip Apple; 15, 21, 23. Cornish 

 Gilliflower; 16, Nonsuch; 17, Crofton; 18, Old Nonpareil; 

 27, Mank'a Codlln. 1, Brown Beurre; 2, Easter Beurre; 

 3, Beurre' Ranee; 4, Urbaniste; 5, King Edward's; 6, 

 Beurre de Capiaumont; 7, Crassane; 8, 9, Beurre" d'Arem- 

 berg; 10, Passe Colmar; 11, Glout Morceau; 12, Winter 

 Nelis; 16, Catillac; 17, Althorp Crassane— A M D. 3, 

 Kerry Pippin; 4, Blenheim Pippin; 5, 7, 9, Dumelow's 

 Seedling; 6, Kirke's Lord Nelson; 8, Court of Wick; 



10, Ribston Pippin; 12, Royal Russet; 13, 18, Hall Door; 

 14, Wyken Pippin ; 15, Syke House Russet; 16, Golden Russet; 

 17, White Winter Colville; 22, Braddick's Nonpareil; 23, 

 Nonsuch. The large Apple unnumbered is the Alexander. 

 2, Aston Town; 3, Crassane; 4, Old Colmar; 5, pr° ba Jj{£ 



Broom Park; 7, Beurre Ranee; 8, St. Germain.— £ W. 1, Old 

 Nonpareil; 2, Marie Louise; 3, French Crab; 4, Crimson 

 Queening; 5, King of the Pippins.— S B. Your Pear is the 

 Knight's Monarch, but is more round than usual.— H J 0. 

 5, Autumn Colmar or De Bavav ; 7, Beurre de Capiaumont 

 8, Bezi d'Heri, (stewing 1 ); 21, Crassane; 25, Winter Nelis; 

 31, Doyenne Blanc— GBP. 1, Althorp Crassane; 2, Buchanans 

 Spring Beurrg; 3, Beurre de Capiaumont; 4, Passe Colmar; 

 5, Louise Bonne (of Jersey) ; 6, Beurre Diel ; 7, like Colmar 

 d'Areroberg; 9, probably Zepherin Gregoire; 10, Forelle; 



11, Marie Louise. |j 



Names of Plants : We have been so often obliged to reluctantly 

 decline naming heaps of dried or other plants, that we venture 

 to request our correspondents to recollect that we never have 

 or couH have undertaken an unlimited duty of this kma. 

 Young gardeners, to whom these remarks more especially apply* 

 should bear in mind that, before applying to us for assistance, 

 they should exhaust their other means of gaining information. 

 We cannot save them the trouble of examining and thinking 

 for themselves ; nor would it be desirable if we could. AH we 

 can do is to help them— and that most willingly. It is n0 * 

 requested that, in future, not more than four plants may w 

 sent us at one time.— Ji J, AdianMm macrophyllum. ipu 

 will find a figure of it in the 6th part of Lowe's " Natural His- 

 tory of Ferns."— F P. The leaves which you have sent us are 

 certainly not those of Pinus Sabiniana.J -Amos K. Stjton.\ vnen 

 a proper name follows that of a plant, such name refers to 

 some author who has published the plant. Thus Gladiolus 

 blandus, Gretry, means that some one of the name Qf ^ T L 

 has described G. blandus. You must seek for the meaning o 

 the Latin names ot plants in a Latin dictionary or a botam .T* 

 glossary. A French kilogramme is equal to nearly 274 ID * 

 English, as you will see if you look at the very mil tables o 

 F nch and English weights and measures printed m 

 former volume, and now to be had separately. As to t 

 names of foreign florists' flowers, they are generally in * re ° 

 o: Dutch, and their meaning is to be found by reference 

 those languages. When dictionaries do not contain the wor » 

 the latter may be assumed to be the names of £ rowe \!ij v 

 raisers. We hope this answer is what you want; but re 7 

 your writing is in some cases hopelessly illegible. 



Misc.: W F G P. Address Mr. M'Glashen, sculptor, t«ro° 

 Mills, Edinburgh. Your other inquiry has been sent to j»j 

 Flemn from whom you will doubtless have an answer - 

 week.— v P. Any person, whether a Fellow of the Horticuitiu^ 

 Society or not, will be allowed to exhibit fruit at 21, Kefe • 

 Street, on the 20th inst. Pine Apples are not cut at tn 

 meetings, unless special instructions to do so are given of 

 exhibitors or owners of them. Pavetta borbmica may « . fl 

 less be struck from cuttings; whether the plan of it no 

 the country are all seedlings or not we are unable to say-* 



•** As usual, many communications have been received too 

 and others are detained till the necessary inquiries can he m 

 We must also beg the indulgence of those correspondents 

 insertion of whose contributions is still delayed. 



I 



