

Dec. 1, 1855.] 



Cedar, 362 tons. Taking the two extremes, Iron Bark 

 and Canada Pine, a difference is shown of 614 tons— 

 nearly 200 per cent.— in the displacement tonnage of the 

 ressel and consequent increased capacity for freight. 



Calendar of Operations. 



NOVEMBER. 



Border of the Fens, Nov. 24.— -If one fine October was in- 

 variably followed by another fine October and a wet November 

 always occurred, it would be easy to prescribe out-of-door 

 operations, and to advise without fear of disappointment ; but 

 the experience of old farmers avails nothing farther than giving 

 vigilance to use every favourable opportunity to complete Wheat 

 seeding, and provide shelter and food for stock, and to guard 

 against severe and wet weather in taking up and storing roots. 

 The unusually sharp frost of the 15th November made every one 

 busy who had a Potato heap to cover or Mangels to take up, and 

 the wet, foggy, cold weather since has caused much additional 

 care to be given to littering stock, shifting sheep from wet lairs, 

 and looking after the roofs of stacks wherever any signs could 

 be detected of the rain having penetrated to the corn below 

 As to Mangels and Turnips, they have shown such evident signs 

 of continued growth during the late rains by greenness of top 

 and short juicy tenderness of root, that we have not been 

 willing to disturb them sooner than necessary, that we might 

 secure as much weight from them as possible. For pulling 

 Mangels and taking the leaves off we give 12s. an acre, for 

 Turnips 8s. and 105. The Coleseed is finished, and the lambs put 

 on Turnips; the ewes have been separated from the tup, and in 

 the course of a week will have a slight dressing of sheep oint- 

 ment which is termed "lining;" it kills lice, and is supposed to 

 promote the growth of wool ; from 12 to 14 lbs. of ointment, con- 

 taining 3 lbs. of quicksilver, is used to 100 ewes; a somewhat 

 larger quantity is required in case of scab, and though the 

 application of ointment is rather expensive, yet if well prepared 

 it is far superior to any " specific wash" in use, whether composed 

 of tobacco, arsenic, sublimate, or any other poisonous stuff what- 

 ever. The beasts are of course all sheltered by this time in yards, 

 boxes, or stalls ; if fresh and old enough the largest are receiving, 

 with straw and Turnips, 4 lbs. of Linseed-cake per day, and as 

 old Beans at 56s. per quarter are cheaper than cake at 15/. per 

 ton, we shall try some as recommended in the recent valuable 

 discussions at the Farmers* Club and in Hampshire. Although 

 a good deal of Wheat is above ground, and looks strong and 

 healthy, yet there is much to sow, as whatever may have been 

 the case last year, there can be no doubt that every available 

 piece of ground will be devoted to an increased breadth this 

 season ; there are many indications that the course of cropping 

 will be directed to this object, and that not only will it take the 

 place of Barley and Oats in the strict turn of rotation, but will 

 for u once and a way" be made to follow them, with or without 

 guano or any other excuse for the perpetration of such heresy in 

 these times of progress, for as a high authority has Baid — 

 44 who would have the face to go to law with a man in these 

 days of scarcity for growing too much Wheat? " \t would be well 

 notwithstanding to be careful of the life of the goose, lest too 

 serious an impediment should be raised to the appearance of future 

 u golden eggs." J. W., Peterborough. 



Cheshire, Nov. 21.— Since our last report we have had six or 

 seven weeks of most propitious weather for the various operations 

 of the farm. Wheat sowing is in a very forward state, and the 

 land is still in fine condition for receiving the seed, where from 

 unavoidable circumstances it had been delayed. Potatoes have 

 generally been well secured, but the accounts respecting the crops, 

 as compared with last year, are exceedingly variable. On one 

 farm we hear of their being superior as to quality and quantity to 

 any of the crops within the last ten years, or from the commence- 

 ment of the disease in 1«45 ; on another farm we are told tbey 

 are far inferior in both respects to those of last year therefore, 

 from the various accounts which reach us, and the price they are 

 selling at in the market, we may infer that the crops generally 

 have been only moderate, and that the disease still continues to 

 a serious extent. Mangel Wurzel, which are generally considered 

 an average crop, have in a great measure been secured from the 

 frost, and Turnip-pulling and storing have commenced in good 

 earnest on some farms. Last winter's frost has taught the 

 farmers a lesson which they will not soon forget. The yield of 

 Wheat and Barley proves, as was anticipated, very deficient, but 

 it is a great blessing that the small or light com, of which there 

 is an unusual proportion, is perfectly sound, and will make whole- 

 Bome bread as far as it goes. Labourers are plentiful, and it is to 

 be hoped that the farmers will continue to employ them at fair 

 wages throughout the winter, for on that will depend the comfort 

 or misery of the labouring classes of our agricultural population. 

 It is the practice of many farmers to turn off their labourers on 

 the approach of winter, or as soon as they have secured their 

 harvest and green crops, and not to take them into their employ 

 again until the days begin to lengthen in the spring. This is 

 unjust towards them, and it should be borne in mind that they 

 have to support themselves and families in the winter as well as 

 the summer, and at a greater expense, too, on account of addi- 

 tional expense of coals and warm clothing. Grass is scarce, but 

 farmers are induced by the mildness of the weather, and from 

 the fear of being short of fodder, to keep out their cattle at night 

 to a later period than usual. Late-sown Swedes, which almost 

 invariably escape mildew, have grown astonishingly within the 

 last few weeks, and in many instances prove sounder and better 

 crops than the early sown ones. We have seen very satisfactory 

 crops sown as late as the 21st June. Cattle of all descriptions are 

 selling well, and we do not hear much of that dreadful scourge, 

 the pleuro-pneumonia. W. P. 



Wester Ross, Nov. 20.— Since I last wrote we have had a con- 

 tinuation of weather uncommonly fine, scarcely a shower having 

 fallen for a month, and with the exception of a few frosty nights, 

 it has been extraordinarily mild. Potato lifting was accomplished 

 in the best possible condition. A large breadth of Wheat has 

 been sown and beautifully harrowed in. Turnip-storing, so far as 

 yet proceeded with, has been comfortably performed for man and 

 beast, and a very large proportion of our green crop lot has 

 received its winter furrow. We are thus so far comfortably pre- 

 pared for the approach of frost and snow. There was a large 

 breadth of Wheat sown last year, but this year there will be sown 

 a breadth larger still, as most farmers having already sown about 

 an average, are seriously bethinking themselves what additional 

 field can be laid under that gold-yielding grain with any chance 

 of a fair crop. Our stacks are thrashing out pretty well, but 

 when we calculate the return per acre we find that the additional 

 breadth sown will have much to do to make up for the general 

 deficiency. The qnalitv is uncommonly fine, the ordinary weight 

 Per bushel being from 63 to 64 lbs., and a few days agothere 

 were samples shown at our seed exhibition weighing 66 lbs. per 

 bushel. In the earlier sown fields the braird is making its 

 appearance. We have a much smaller quantity of Barley to 

 dispose of this vear than usual, the greatly increased sowing of 

 Wheat having encroached on its usual allotment, and the crop 

 itself being inferior. Little of it has as yet bee "f hra ^ e .^J.^ 

 tineas per quarter is freely offered, Oats are still more inferior 

 than either Wheat or Barley-inferior both m quantity and 

 quality. The average weight per bushel is under 40 lbs. Sheep 

 *re rejoicing because of the weather, and thrive apace. Hogs 

 reached us, for their wintering, from <he hills ; m much worse 

 condition than for many years bygone, having suffered much rrom 

 ^e uncommon severity of last spring, but are now speediir 

 making up for the starvation they endured. At our last Mtnr ot 

 Ord market lean cattle were nearly unsaleable, a#d &e IW a\s- 

 POSSdtf fetched greatly reduced prices. 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



707 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Beans: M. A correspondent in the Agricultural Gazette of October 

 13th recommends boiled or steamed Beans, for the food of 

 horses, but he does not say how long they should be boiled, or 

 whether they are to be put in the water when cold, or when the 

 water is at its boiling point. Perhaps he will de&cribe his 

 practice in fuller detail. 



Comi itiok of Crops : A r r. The following is a portion of the 

 information existing on this subject, exacted from Mr. 1 lem- 

 ming's tables, in the Journal of the English Agricultural 

 Society. It gives the composition per cent, of the whole plant : — 



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The Kkfi se Lime of Gas-wurf l.Jf. It i» applied to day- 

 lands near most towns, at the rate of about a ton per acre. It is 

 useful in compost with other substances, and requires that 

 frequent turning over and exposure to the air which roost com- 

 posts receive before it can be safely applied in any quantity to 



TiiK e ADVANTAGKSOFDEEP-crLTTjRE: J S. These have been well 

 illustrated during the past year by the publication of the book 

 to which reference has already been made, on the < Yester Deep- 

 land Culture." bv H. Stephens. Esq. \ ester is the property of 

 the Marquis of Tweeddale, lying in the county of Last Lothian, 

 under the range of the Lammermuir hills, from which it slopes 

 downwards towards the north. It is not naturally a fertile 

 neighbourhood, but has been made productive by energetic and 

 laborious cultivation, the keystone to which according to Mr. 

 Stephens, lies in the pulverisation of the subesil and its mixture 

 with the upper soil. The difference between the \ ester system 

 and that of ordinary farming consists in this— that the latter 

 attains an imperfect pulverisation of little more than the upper 

 soil, while the former effects the thorough disintegration and 

 commixture of the whole to the depth of 20 or 22 inches. I i>e 

 history of the process— of the implements and methods era- 

 ployed— and of the results achieved, is well written in tb« i worK 

 already named, which deserves to be widely known and ressi 



Tw^^incab^tdm: X. This plant is grown ^ a cons^erable 

 extent in Hampshire and the South of Kngland * n » *Xm« 

 furnishes a sort of change to Cl.ver-stck land s and yt el ds 

 generally a heavy and nutritions p la i ewfr * * m * e *'/' * 

 not at all difficult of cultivation. I fact the ^»«^^ f ^ 

 been complained of have generally arisen from a too careful 



and laborious attention to the pre P^^ ^^ 1 ^ I e 

 reception of the seed . The land has been «n*a i ?™ r «£ 

 cor/crop has been removes 1, and ^then ™™^#£ fi 



there needs nothing more than that ^.^J*"* ^J'S 

 well harrowed just to ^raise ejery Httbj sell upon the hardened 

 ground, and 20 lbs. of the seed may then be sown i P*r acre, «i qu 

 Wished and rolled in, and the V™^*?^^l£F 



enou«fe S^4 atong enough to yield a erop in June next year. 



I AMES PHILLIPS and CO., 1H, Biefenagat^ 



u Street. %V \ kkt^ for the Sale of 1UKTLI A 



PATINT ROUGH PLAT! T.LABS, fcr Hinor aad I 

 Roofs, < . nskrvatorifj, M AvrFAn\»RiEs. SKruomrt, Won 



• Kdkjq lUiLOtaes, Railwat Statiqbb. ca. Mills, 



Market Halls. Ac. 



r acred ix Crates. 



For Cutting Up of the sisee as Manu- 

 factured. 



30 inches wide, and from 40 to ft Ism i 

 Or 20 „ „ MtoTO . i 



ThidtiM«a in parts 

 of en inch. 



Above 



70 





Cut to tws Sizes Oaocftso. 



Squares above 10 by 8, and under 14 by 10 



14 by 10, 1 J ft. Mip. if not abov« $0 in. low 



l*ft.sup.,Sori/al 



1 



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4 

 5 

 6 



8 



10 



12 

 15 



2" 



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it 



n 



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40 

 45 

 &5 



75 



90 



t above $0 in. 



aOin 

 $5 in 

 40 in 



4 

 55 in 



65in 



. '» in , 

 901 

 lOOin 



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Packed ik Roxce of 80 K' 



I? hT 4, and (l± bv 4 



f by 5, and ft by 



fi, and • by 6 



9 by 7, and !»J by 7|, and !• by if 



There &m iV na fmtfhn r<ow that Rough Plate G\u in the 

 moat beautiful, as w#»ll n« the mo* laefu! r gl»M that ran- 



becinpl in horticultuiv. It if free m ail fl Its ot *be+ 



oi tran >p*nnt glass, and It ha» man an' j»ecullar to J If 



without at dbadvnhtage at a *< /." iriWi 



Umial discount allowed to the trad and Rett warde- 



on application. 



Horticultural Glass Warehouse. 116. Hehsfsfatl Street 

 Witfr n detL 



BV 

 ROYAL 



LETTERS 

 PATENT 



■TM1E COSMOPOLITAN GLASS COMPANY, 



1 HKLYA WARING, Ma nafirs, tm, Oxford StrorM.ondotk 

 STRONG HORTICULTURAL BHEKT OLA from 



U.; and IIARTLI.V'8 FAT". SI ROrail PLATK f n 4LJ 



■ rfo CROWN or SHEET BQUARM, in 100 feri 



under 10 by 8. 12t. 6eT.; above, 16t. 84. per box. FOREIGN 

 SHEET, in 200 feet cases. 84#. per esse. 



FKRKORATED VENTILATI! OLA pom 1* r<l p«»i 



foot. TILES and SLATES frees M each. MILK PA 

 21*. per dozen. HELY'S HAND CHC It! • 8rf.: WARl ■> 

 BUTTER SLABS, 10*. each. Glass Fern Shades, IW .lasses, 



u cumber Tubes, Hyacinth 1» has, Fropaj^atinir lasses 

 Hand Lights, mM. Flower La be 1 1 per 100, and tin N 



Aquarium, 10«. each.—Cafalojru 



CLASS FOR CONSERVATORIES, GREENHOUSES, 



PIT FRAMES, ETC. 



I I BTLEY and CO. are supplying !6-oz. Sheet Gleet 



I " of British Manufacture, packed In boxes, con ning 10( 

 square feet each, at th*» f-llowing REDUCED PRICES for cash 

 A Kdiictinn niado on 1000 fee' 



Si 



Inches. 



From 6 by 4 



7 n 5 



8 „ 6 

 10 .. 8 



»r 



I nches. 



Per foot Per 100 f« 



Under 6 by 4 



at l\d. Is £0 12 6 



n 7 „ 5 



n %dL „ 16 8 



w 8 „ 6 



n 2JA n 18 9 



n W f , 8 



„ 2kd. ., t 10 



n 1« m 9 



„ 2}d. „ I 2 11 





er sizes, not exceeding 40 inches long. 

 16 oz. from 3rf. to ${d. per square wot, according to size. 

 21 oz. „ fyd.tobd. n „ „ 



26 oz. ., ^d.Uil\d. „ 



PATENT ROI H PLATE, THICK CROWS GLASS, and 



PATENT PLATE CLASS for Horticultural purposes, at 



reduced prices, V I he 1 00 square feet. 

 GLASS TILES AND SLATES made to any size or pattern, 



either in Sheet or Rough Plate Glass. 

 Propagating Glasses, Beehive Glasses, Cucumber Tubes. G last 



Milk Pans, Glass Water Pipes, and various other srtides not 



hitherto manufactured in Glass. 



PATENT PLATE GLASS/— Tb* present exttSSnely nv>dcr*tr 



price of this superior article should cause it to si rsede all 

 other Inferior window plsss in a gentleman's residence. Ne 

 alteration connected with the sash is required. 

 G LASS SUA DE8, as ornamental to, and fo» the preserra ol 

 every description of goods susceptible of injury by exposure 

 Prices, since the removal of the excise duty, reduced one-half 

 List of Prices and Estimates forwarded on application te 

 Jam ts HmitT A Co., 85, Soho Square, London 



FOREIGN AND ENGLISH SHEET CLASS WAREHOUSE, 



87, BrsnorsGATK Stkest, Without. 



HT MILLINGTON supplies the above SHEET 



A • GLASS in any size or substance, packed in 100, 200, er 

 300 ieet cases. Same as supplied to Mr. Rivks* aod the teadi^g 

 men of the day. Reduced tariff, boxes included. — Per 100 ft. 



6 in. by 4 in. and 6 in. by 4J in. 



t •• 



ft 



If 



tf 

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tf 



44 

 54 



64 



7 



8 

 9 



10 

 10 



11 

 11 

 11 



12 



i 



ft 

 n 



r 



7 

 8 



9 



10 



11 



13 



it 



12r. (ML 

 12 6 



- - * 



*>* 



• •* 



« « « 





ft 



Tt 



Hi 



12* 



134 



Mi 



ft 



tt 



ft 



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• •• 



«*• 



• •» 



**4 



. . - 





- • • 



• 4* 



13 

 13 

 14 



14 

 14 

 14 

 14 

 14 



14 



16 



16 



16 







6 

 6 















I 









 











i by 13}, 16* by 14i, 30 by 14, 

 "by 14. 20 by 15, at 18f. per 100 feet. 



21 in. glass, in boxes under 14 by 10. 2d. per foot 

 Ditto, not exceeding 1 mot ... 2| * 

 Ditto „ 2 feet ... 34 



HARTLEY'S Ronirh Plate, Sheet and Beneh, Tiles, Striking 

 and Bee Glasses. Milk Pans, Cucumber Tubes, and Wasp Trap% 

 Horticultural List. 



Milled Sheet, White Lead, and Lead Pipe. Paints, CoJoen, 

 1 Varnishes, see Colour List, which can be had on applicatiseu 



Eatab hed more than 100 



'xl »* 



Ol O MILNER'S HOLDFAST AND F1RB 



£L/Z RESISTING SAFES nononducting and vapour- 

 inint: , with all the improvements, under their Qnedrefie P*^ 

 of l«-40-5i-64 and lSi5, including their Gunpowder Proof Sol: 

 Lock and Door (without which no Safe is secure), tae 8T*n>-o**T 



BEST, and CHEAPEST SAFEGUARDS EXTANT. 



MiurEft f s Pho x (212°) Safe Works. Liverpool, the most com- 

 plete and extensive in the world. Show Rooms, 6 and 8, Lorf 

 Street, Liverpool. London Depot, 47a, Margate Street, City. 



Circulars free by post. 





