Dec. 8, 1855.] 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



S13 



the soil, and in order to have a good crop of Wheat 

 again, it was necessary to restore to the soil that 

 amount of phosphate of lime. By thus manuring the 

 land every time, a succession of good crops of Wheat 

 must be obtained. But this could not be done with 

 farra-vard manure, without incurring an expenditure 

 which the crop would not repay. Mr. Grady then dealt 

 with the next question as to whether the superphos- 

 phates should be rendered soluble or left insoluble. He 

 showed by passages from Dr. C. R. Fresenius and Pro- 

 fessor Liebig, that insoluble phosphates were as benefi- 

 cial to the full development of corn as the soluble ; for 

 the ingredients which were soluble served for immediate 

 use, whilst those which were neutral, or semi-soluble, 

 exercised a more permanent action; and those which 

 were altogether insoluble afforded a prospect of future 

 nourishment for plants, although for the time being they 

 possessed no nutritive powers. It was a mistake to 

 suppose that artificial manures were merely ephemeral. 

 If properly prepared they were of a permanent character. 

 The lecturer then read some testimonials to show that 

 the patent superphosphate compost had exercised upon 

 several crops a beneficial effect for two years in succes- 

 sion — that being the whole period the company which 

 manufactured it had been in existence. He had no 



Drains: D S. Pipes of 1 J- inch bore are large enough for the 

 parallel drains 30 feet apart, of the largest fields, say 300 yards ; 

 and pipes of 4-inch bore are. large enough for the main drains 

 of 10 acre fields. It would not be possible to answer as defi- 

 nitely as you seem to desire. 



Drill: Hurstper point . The water-drill contains a reservoir for 

 liquid manure or water, as well as one for seed ; and as both 

 are furnished with contrivances for pouring out their contents 

 as the machine proceeds, the seed is washed into the furrow 

 instead of being deposited in the dry soil; and the advantage 

 of snch a method of sowing is shown in the experience of Mr. 

 Ruston, jun., recently given in these columns. 



Earth-nut Cake: W C S. The following is the passage to 

 which you allude:— "The first sample ot this cake analysed 

 was sent to this country by Messrs. Maxwell & Co., of Bor- 

 deaux. Its composition is — 



Water... 

 Oil ... 

 Albuminous compounds 



*»- «5A4 t « • ••• «•• 



Fibre, and other matters 



FIRST 



PRIZE REAPING 



NOTICE. 



MACHINE. 



AT ESSRS. BURGESS and KEY beg respectfully 



*" to inform the public, and particularly the noblemen nn 

 gentlemen whose orders they were obliged to decline for tbi 

 season on account of the manufa ire not being fully arranged, 

 that the Royal Agricultural Society's First Prize of 307. mas 

 awarded to them for M'Cormick's "Reaper, with their patent 

 screw platform, at the trial at Leigh Court, near Bristol, upon 





• » • 



■ • . 



t . . 



> > . 



• ♦ • 



•• t 



9 • • 



• •# 



• • * 



- - - 



• ft 



9 11 



• . . 



• • ■ 



• • • 



• . . 



• •» 



* a I 



• ■ • 



• • • 



11.56 

 12.75 

 L>6.71 

 3.29 

 45 69 



Nitrogen 



• • • 



• •• 



• • « 



• • • 



The ash contain 



• • • 



f Phosphates 



( Phosphoric acid 



• • • 



• • • 



• • a 



a . . 



100.00 

 4.27 



1.17 



0.08 



doubt that experience would show the effects of the 

 manure to be of a more lasting character. Mr. Grady 

 then adverted to the subject of agricultural leases, con- 

 tending that the landlord was bound in justice to his 

 tenant to give him such an interest in the soil he culti- 

 vated as would enable him safely to expend upon it the { 

 capital which would make it productive. l 





Compared with ordinary Linseed-cake we find but little differ- 

 ence between the two. In some cases, no doubt, the quantity 

 of nitrogen in Linseed-cake reaches 4.8 per Dent.; but in tlii 

 case the oil is generally low. In fact, cake produced from the 

 same seed varies in composition according to the extent to 

 which the expression of the oil has been carried ; and that 

 this modifies the composition of the Earth-nut cake is 

 obvious from the subjoined analysis of a sample imported 

 into Leith ;— 



■ - * 



t •• 



• • • 



Water ... 

 Oil .„ 

 Albuminous compounds 



^\. oil as* ••• • • i 



Fibre, and other matters 



*• • 



• • t 



• • t 



• • • 



• ■ i 



V • * 



• *• 



... 



«• t 



• ♦ • 



■ I • 



■ - a 

 I ■ • 



10.01 

 6.78 



88.85 



3.78 

 45 58 



Miscellaneous. 



The Area of the Old Smithfidd Market, it is pro- 

 posed to make the site of a large central meat market. 

 The proposal has, it is said, received the assent of the 

 authorities whose ultimate discussion will be final ; but 

 it will no doubt undergo the ordeal of a great deal of 

 discussion before it can be adopted and carried out. 



Nitrogen 



• • • 



In ash— /Phosphates... 





■ - - 



t»i 



• •« 



• •• 



• ♦ • 



Calendar of Operations. 



NOVEMBER. 



Lammermuir Sheep Farm, Nov. 26.— We have had rather wet 

 weather for some length of time, hill stock have not made so much 

 improvement this autumn as could have been wished, and the 

 severity of last winter can even yet be traced in the want of con- 

 dition of many hirsels. They want that flush of wool which indi- 

 cates freshness and vigour; thus showing that even a tolerably 

 jrood grazing summer and autumn sometimes fail in repairing 

 the damage done by a previous severe winter. Where Leicester 

 tups were used they were put to the ewes about the 8th of this 

 month, and the Cheviot tups on the 22d, though on some farms 

 the tups have been kept back about a week later than usual, the 

 backward spring of last year having taught a lesson in this 

 respect. Cheviot wedder hoggs are now put on Turnips, but the 

 deficiency of that crop will induce many farmers to delay putting 

 their store sheep on as long as possible. If the weather is at all 

 favourable hoggs can better afford to want Turnips a few weeks 

 longer at this season than have to do without them in early 

 spring. The loss of young sheep from what is generally termed 

 grassill, or sickness, has been very moderate as yet, and we con- 

 sider that the most fatal period of the year for this disease is 

 nearly past. Some seasons are much worse than others for 

 grassill, and we have also noticed that some grounds are more 

 liable to it than others, especially if hoggs are kept in a hirsel 

 by themselves on the same walk year after year. Instances have 

 occurred in which this was the case to such a deadly extent that 

 the usual system was discontinued, and the hoggs wintered on 

 another grazing for a number of years, till in the course of 

 time the former grazing, after being stocked with old sheep, 

 again became comparatively safe for hoggs. They are never so 

 Kable^to this disease when pasturing along with their mothers all 

 the winter. As an instance of this, I have my ewe hoggs pastur- 

 ing along with their mothers, and the wedder hoggs on a separate 

 hill. The loss of wedders has been about four times more than 

 the loss of ewes, and entirely from grassill. I have also in former 

 years remarked this. The deaths from this cause generally 



cease when the hoggs have been two or three weeks on Turnips. 



J , S. D, 



100.00 

 5.39 



( Phosphoric acid 0.52 



In this sample the quantity of albuminous compounds is very 

 high. Messrs. Maxwell K: Co. have communicated the follow- 

 ing information regarding the price of this cake last 

 autumn : — 



Its price free on board at Bordeaux, per £ s. d. 



ton, is ... ... ... ,,, ... ... 4 lu o 



Export duty 10 



Freight per steamer to Liverpool, and in- 

 surance ••• ... ... ... ... 1 6 



-t.iuiu-, ana i nave tounci tnat a ouiidmg 100 feet 

 ~5 feet wide out to our. measured 25 feet square, 



°*. = 125?.; and that to cover the same building wi 



Notices to Correspondents. 



Bark : Fiddler. You had better char "it and use the charcoal as 

 manure. It will be a very slow process to reduce it by any 

 attempt at fermentation. 



isRA.v : E. The average composition according to Professor John- 

 stone is— Water 13.1 ; albumen 19.3 ; oil 4.7 ; husk, with a little 

 starch, 55.6 ; ash 73. 



tORuiiGATED Iron versus Timber and Slate. Corrugated 

 iron roofing will cost about 57. per square of the area of the 

 building, and I have found that a building 100 feet long, and 



which at 



, g with timber 



and Duchess slate the roof measured 32 squares of roofing, 

 which can be frrnishcd for 4J. 5.?. per square s 138Z. This 

 is a difference ot I'M. on the roof of a building 100 feet long by 

 2o feet wide on the first cost; but the iron roof must be kept 

 painted once every three years, or it soon goes to waste, which 

 w as the case witli the corrugated iron roof of the Exeter rail- 

 way station at Bristol, which was taken down two years ago, 

 and replaced with Duchess slate. I have only had two iron 

 roofs put up; all the other buildings I have put up are of red 

 or yellow baulk, and covered with Dutch slate ; and the ex- 

 pense of these have been per square, say — 



15 cabic feet of timber at 25. 6<f. = £1 17 6 



Including sawing, labour, &c 15 6 



Duchess slate and labour per square 1 11 



In all £4 4 



I would prefer wood and Duchess slate with a tile ridge to 

 corrugated iron as the cheapest and best in the end. «f. M. \ 



1 l TE f Herd Book: Anon It is continued by Mr. Strafford, of 

 13 , Euston Square, who publishes an additional volume every 

 i»°w and then as materials accumulate. Vol. XI. was issued 



r thl * year. 



cottage Property : M old Subscriber. We are unable to say if 

 you can obtain possession without giving notice. 



^tivation 0F GhKhR L * VND: * ^ T - A healthy young man 

 navinga life interest in any property ought not to tear invest- 

 ln S money in its cultivation. Jr, however, you conclude that 

 ^uoer your circumstances you^jmot be at the expense of grub- 

 rJPl^P the laud and cultivating it, then probably your best 

 node of turning it to account will be to grow Gorse for cattle 



'oc Vt* that *****&# m ? 0UJ * nrighhierhood ? It is so in many 



Price in Liverpool ... £7 1 

 If carried by sailing ship the price will ho. £fi 12s. 6rf. 

 In addition to this there is the cost of landing, &c, at Liver- 

 pool." 

 Ewes in Lamb: J M. One per acre over Grass lands of ordinary 

 quality will be able to keep in sufficiently good condition with 

 very little else than the Grass. In severe weather a little 

 straw chaff, over which a very little weak Linseed soup has 

 ■ been poured, may be given them along with a few Turnips. 



Farm Accounts : CD. The "cash in hand " goes into a cash ac- 

 count, which you keep independently of any business in which 

 you may be engaged. You may have half a dozen different occu- 

 pations, and keep the accounts of each ; bi il ish in hand goes 

 into the Dr. side of a cash account, which you keep apart from 

 any and every business in which you may be engaged. 



Grass: Novice. Are you sure that the Grass has not been pulled 

 up by crows and starlings? There is generally a good deal 

 pulled up in autumn on poor sandy pastures. You need not 

 fear the result.— Scotus. It is a Brome Grass of little agricul- 

 tural value. 



Guano and Lime: J H S. It would be perfectly safe to dress a 

 field of Wheat with guano at the end of February which was 

 sown with lime in October or November. The lime would not 

 then dissipate the ammonia of the guano. 



Income Tax: J L. You ere charged in Scotland on one-third 

 your rental as income, while we in England are charged on 

 one-half our rental. 



Mangel Wurzel: J, Mason. They will keep through the 

 summer if they are uninjured during winter, without any par- 

 ticular care being taken of them ; nevertheless, perhaps some 

 one will say what methods in his experience have been success- 

 fully adopted for keeping Man gel Wurzel until the second year. 



Mud : Z Y X. The mud cleared out, dried, and broken up, may 

 be applied as a top-dressing, as you propose, with probably 

 good effect.— -Prof. Johnston's pamphlet on "Analysis " is the 

 thing you want. It is published by Blackwood, Edinburgh. 



Pheasantry: Omega proposes to have a pheasantry 70 ft. long. 

 At one end we suppose he allows a space of 9 ft., to he covered 

 in and " hoarded up," with holes for the entrant- of the birds ; 

 the floor to be of hard well rammed earth. He will then have a 

 run of 60 ft. in length, a part of which is laid down to turf, a 

 part for fine gravel and planted with shrubs; in the centre a 

 small well branched tree, on which the birds will rest; the run 

 to be inclosed either by wood or brick to the height of 3 ft., and 

 above by strong wire. Four or five hens may be allowed to on 

 cock. We shall be happy to afford further information if 



required. 



Potatoes in Bread : A Subscriber asks any of our readers to 

 inform him how, and in what proportion, to mix Potatoes with 

 flour in making bread. 



Rape-cake, &c : J T B. If it contains much Mustard it is 

 poisonous. It is undoubtedly •'adulterated," And may be 

 returned. Though it contains a little Mustard it is not neces- 

 sarily poisonous, if properly cooked ; and the plan is to scald 

 it with boiling water, which coagulates that in the Mustard, 

 which, if left to its natural tendencies, will, in cold water, 

 assume a poisonous form. Sawdust may be used as litter, 

 and will form good manure. Large quantities were used at 

 Hendon for littering the large herd of cattle belonging to Mr. 

 Tanqueray. Old lime dust may be usefully applied as a top- 

 dressing. You need not fear its effect on manure containing 

 ammonia T both being in the soil. The mixture there is under 

 different circumstances from those of the laboratory. Bnshe 

 grater cuts roots into narrow ribands; Phillips's reduces them, 

 we believe, to a sort of sawdust. 



Tobacco Juice : J S G. We use 15 lbs. of juice and 3 lbs. of 

 black soap, dissolved in 50 gallons of water for every 100 sheep. 

 Dissolve the soap in 5 gallons of boiling water; immediately 

 add the juice, stir well, and let it stand for 24 hours; and the 

 additional water required, and apply at blood-heat as you wonld 

 any other wash, the object aimed at being to saturate tie 

 fleece at as litrle. waste of material as possible The above is 

 the common rule, but as juice varies in strength and sheep 

 vary in size, experience is'the only sure guide. The method 

 of application iu general Use here is dipping. The dipping 

 trough or steep is capacious enough to hold wash for 100 : into 

 it the sheep is careful lv dropped on his back with his head to 

 an inclined plane, up which he walks to the dripper, a water- 

 tight enclosure capable of containing 100 sh \ inclining to 

 the steep and connected with it by the inclined plane, and 

 from which the superfluous wash carried off 1 each sheep is 

 again returned to the steep. When the dripper is full of 

 sheep they are allowed to stand while the steep is beini 

 replenished, when they are turned out, and operations recom- 

 menced upon another 100. Bv this method every sheep is 



completely saturated, and very little material wasted. T. 



reports of farmers who have worked the machines durins this 



present harvest, show that the average quantity of Wheat, 



Barley, and Oats which they cut was from 1} to 1^ acre per hour 



Two horses work the machine with ease, and the only attendant 



required is a man or a boy to drive, further particulars and 



prices sent free on application.— Burgess & Key, 103, Newgate 

 Street; and 52, Little Britain, L ondon. 



DO YOU BRUISE YOUR OATS | YET !— One 

 bushel of Oats when crushed will make two. Great saving. 

 OAT Hi: riSi:HS,Chan"-cutters, Ploughs, Threshing Machine*,. 

 Flour Mill Carts, Corn Dreifiing do., Horee and Stea Machinery 

 put up, &c. Hook on Feeding, Is. 



M. Wbdlake, 118, Fenchurch Str . London. 



TURNER'S REGISTERED MALT MILLS, ajfiv 

 PATENT CRUSHING am> GRINDING MILLS.— A 

 variety of these Mills will be exhibited at the ensuing Smithfteld 

 Club Cattle Show. Stands 63, 64, and 65. 



Caii ion.— Legal proceeding will be instituted against any 

 person or person* unlawfully mnufacturing the above Mills, or 

 otherwise infringing upon the Registration or Patent fortheaame. 



E. R. & F . T'rner, - . Peter'g 1 ro n "Works, Ipswic h. 



TRELOAR/S COCOA-NUT FIBRE MANUFAC- 

 TURES consist of MATTING, DOOR MATS. MAT- 

 TRESSES, HASSOCKS, HRUSHl.s. \c.,and aredistingitished 

 by superiority and excellence of workmanship, combined with 

 moderate charges. Catalogues, containing pric< fl and every 

 particular, free by post. -T. Teeloak, Cocoa-nut Fibre Manu- 

 facturer, 42, Ludgate Hill, London. 



WARNER'S IMPROVED LIQUID MANURE, 



VV OR GENERAL PORTABLE PI MP. 



The valve is a ball of imperishable 

 material, and cannot clog in action. 

 The barrel is of galvanised iron, not 

 likely to corrode, and can be raised or 

 lowered at pleasure. The legs will fold 

 together, and the whole may be carried 

 on shoulder to any pond or tank required. 



Price of i£ in. Pump, with legs, V.3t 

 The barrel is 27£ in. long, and the legs 

 are 5 ft. high. 



14 inch Gntta Percha Suction Pipe,. 

 1*. 6d. per foot. 



li inch Flexible Rubber and Canvas 

 Suction Pipe, 3s. 6d. per foot. 



May be obtained of any Ironmonger 

 or Plumber in town or country, at the- 

 above prices, or of the Patentees and 

 Manufacturers, John Warner & Soire* 

 8, Crescent, Jewin Street London. 



Every description of Machinpry for 

 Raising "Water, by means of Wheels, 

 Rams, Deep Well Pumps, &c. ; also- 

 Fire and Garden Engines. &c. — Engravings pent on application. 



WARNER'S PATENT VIBRATING STAN- 

 DARD PUMPS. 



PATENT CAST-IRON PUMPS, for the use of Farms, Cot- 

 tages, Manure Tanks, and Wells of a depth not exceeding 30 feet. 



Diameter Length 



of Barrel, of Barrel. £ s. d. 



2* in. short 1 ft. 7 in. /Fitted for lead, \ 1 

 2 \ .. long 3 „ 3 „ I gutta percha, I 1 



ditto 3 .. 6 „ 4 or cast iron h2 



6 „ flanged pipe r 2 12 O 

 ditto 3 „ 6 „ \ as required. /3 30 

 short, with 15 feet of Lead Pipe 

 attached, and Bolts and Nuts 



ready for fixing 2 



24 in. long ditto ditto ditto 2 



3 



24 



»» 



it 

 ti 

 it 



ditto 3 



11 



10 O 

 14 O 



80 



14 O 



18 O 



The short barrel Pump is very convenient 

 for fixing in situations of limited height and 

 space, for the supply of coppers and nks in* 

 Wash-houses with soft water from under- 

 ground tanks, or in Hot, Forcintr. and Plant 

 Houses; they may be fixed, when desired, 

 under the stage. 



May be obtained of any Ironmonger of 

 Plumber in Town or Country, at the above prices, or ot the 

 Patentees and Manufacturers, JOHN WARNER and SONS, 

 8, Crescent, Jewin street, London. 



Every description of Machinery for "Raising Water by means 

 of Wheels, Rams, Deep Well Pumps, &c; also Fire and Garden 

 Engines, &c.&c. — Engravings sent on application. 





. - ■ 



■H 



PARKES' STEEL D1CCINC FORKS & DRAINING TOOLS. 



MESSRS. BURGESS and KEY, as Mr. Parkes* 

 Wholesale Agents for England, have always in stock a 

 large assortment. These Forks and Tools are now in use by 

 upwards of 1000 of the Nobility and Farmers members of the 

 Royal Agricultural Societv, who pronounce them to be the best 

 ever invented, and to facilitate labour at least 20 per cent. 

 Price Lists sent free on application, and Illustrated Catalogue 

 of the best Farm Implements, on receipt of eight postage stamps. 



103, Newgate Street, London. 



