Pec. 22, 1855.] 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



88! 





— 





jJJHota few find their favourite food in the delicate 

 leaves of the submerged herbs. 



*0n the other hand, the plant is indebted to the 

 animal for some of its supplies. The carbon, with 

 which its solid parts are built up, is derived from the 

 carbonic acid which is thrown off by animals in the 

 process of breathing ; a poisonous gas which would soon 

 vitiate the water were it not taken up and appropriated 

 by the plants. 



«Sich, then, is the principle on which the aquarium 

 is founded : and any conditions under which it can be 

 carried out will serve, provided of course they be suit- 

 able in other respects to the habits ot the animals and 

 our purpose in keeping them. I now proceed to other 

 details on the practical management, so far as I am 

 able, from my own experience, and that of not a few of 

 my friends, to give them ; premising that I have at 

 present (September, 1855) at my residence at Islington, 

 one marine tank full of animals and plants in the highest 



Garden Memoranda. 



Orleans House, Twickenham, thb Residence of 

 H.R.H. the Due d'AukaLK. — V\ ithiti the last few years 

 the gardens at this well-known place have been consider- 

 ably improved. The extent of the ornamental ground 

 has been increased by taking into it a portion of the 

 kitchen garden, and planting it with evergreens, which 

 are traversed in all directions by well formed walks ; 

 and owing to the good condition of the soil, both shrubs 

 and Coniferous plants have made ample growth. Re- 

 markable among the latter was a Juniperus Bedfordiana 

 quite 12 feet high and 6 feet through, beautifully formed, 

 and in the most robust health. On the outskirts 

 of the lawn on the south side of the house to which the 

 Thames, Pope's Grotto, and other objects of interest 

 are contiguous, were also some very fine Conifers, 

 among which was a Taxodium sernp* rvirens at least 

 18 feet high, and with a trunk quite a foot in diameter 

 at the ground. This fine specimen unfortunately lost 



rows or 24 plants produced 2 bushels o! tul»er» 

 a yield which mu>t be acknowledged to be highly en- 

 couraging. In addition to the value of the tubers, 

 which are considered a great delicacy, the haulm is 



very luxuriant, and cows are extremely fond of it. 

 Those then-fore who wish to experiment on the growth 

 of the Batates must take care to have the rows a good 

 distance apart ; 3 feet has been found to be too little. 



The glasshouses here consist of Peach hou-es and 

 Vineries, pits for Pines and plants, a stove for plants, 

 and a neat span-roofed greenhouse, all heated by one 

 boiler. One of the Vineries is provided with a double 

 front, in winch the Vines are retarded till it is desired 

 to bring them into the house. Early Vines planted in 

 the same Vinery are trained point downwards from the 

 back towards the front. These are forced go as to fur- 



condition, the water in which, though as clear as crystal its leader last winter, but a new one is about to be tied 



and quite colourless, has never been even removed from 

 the vessel since it was first put in, 19 months ago. 

 I have, also, other tanks and vases, which are respec- 

 tively 17, 14, 13, ana .our mouths o*d. 'Hie success u 

 establishment of these has not been achieved without 

 some failures and losses, which yet must not be con- 

 sidered as unmitigated misfortunes, since they have 

 added to my experience, and better fitted me to under- 

 stand and sympathise with the difficulties of other 

 beginners. " 



Modern Cookery : by Eliza Acton (Longmans). 



A much enlarged edition of this useful collection of 

 receipts has lately been published. The preface seems 

 particularly worth attention ; it deprecates the waste so 

 common in kitchens, yet shows good cookery to be 

 desirable for persons of limited income as well as for the 

 wealthy. After observing that the subject, the influence 

 of diet upon health, has recently been investigated by 

 eminent men of science, the author continues as follows: 



up to supply its place. We also remarked a noble Pinu 

 excelaa, whose top, however, had been eaten off by the 

 Pine beetle, some eood Cryptomerias, Deodars, and 

 Douglas Firs, together with immense masses of Por- 

 tugal Laurels. One of the latter was stated on a label 

 to have been planted by the late King of the French in 

 1816. In the centre of the lawn is a fountain whose 

 jet can be made to throw water from \G to 18 feet high, 

 and in connection with the house is a lofty conservatory, 

 which, when there is company, is lighted up at night. 

 This is chiefly occupied with large growing plants such 

 as Camellias, some of which, as the old double white 

 and double striped, are now in full bloom and very pay. 

 Here was also the Heliotrope Triomphe de Liege, 

 trained up pillars to a great height ; this is found to 1 

 invaluable for cutting for nosegays, being nearly always 

 10 bloom. To the east of the house is an Orangery, 

 in which in Lord Kilmorey's time were kept some of tin 

 magnificent Orange trees that now ornament the Cr\ stal 

 Palace at Sydenham, but in the absence of these and 

 other trees which it contained it has been converted 



nish ripe fruit by the beginning of June, while those then 

 introduced from the front yield a crop iu August, and 

 In this way the same house is mad to produce two 

 crops in one year. Jleliotr »pes are grown in the houses 

 in large quantities* They have all been cut back, and 

 arc now beginning to push afresh. 



« In arranging the present edition of this volume for pub- into a p i ct nre gallery. This, as well as other houses 

 lication, I have gladly taken advantage of such o< their in- about the place, was built and warmed, we were informed, 

 structions (those of Baron Liebigespecially) as have seemed 

 tome adapted to its character, and likely to increase its 

 real utility. These, I feel assured, if carefully followed 



by Messrs. Gray and Ormson. Not far 

 is a short conservative wall on which 



out, will much assist our progress in culiuary art, and 

 diminish the unnecessary degree of expenditure which 

 has hitherto attended its operations; for it may safely 

 be averred that good cookery is the best and truest 

 economy, turning to full account every wholesome article 

 of food, and converting into palatable meals what the 

 ignorant render uneatable, or throw away in disdain." 

 Much may be learnt respecting economy in various 

 parts of the volume, for example in the article u Stew- 

 ing," p. 173, and u Oven Cookery," p. 178. Mrs. Acton 

 announces her intention of publishing works on cookery 

 for invalids and the poor, which we doubt not will prove 

 highly valuable. 



Flowers and Flower Gardens. By David Lester Richard- 

 son, with an appendix of practical instructions and 

 useful information respecting the Anglo-Indian Flower 

 Garden. Calcutta : D'Rosario. London : Smith 

 and Elder. 8vo, pp. 232, with 



from this spot 

 Chimonanthus, 



now coming into bloom, Myrtles, and Roses, &c, and 

 in front of that a row of iron arches for Roses and 

 hardy climbers. Under the arches are planted Irish 

 Yews and Hollyhocks alternately, and in autumn, 

 when the latter are in blossom, a striking effect is 

 thus produced. A little farther on and we come to a 

 short straight Italian walk, with dwarf walls, lined on 

 both sides with ta'l Junipers, and surmounted by an iron 

 trellis, on which Vines are trained for the shade their 

 leaves afford in summer. This terminates in a small 

 grotto or summer house. 



In the kitchen garden the walks and borders are 

 separated from the compartments by means of iron 



FLORICULTURE. 



Out-door CiiuY^ANTimuM- After sight years' expe- 

 rience in the culture of this flower, I have m beted from 

 some hundreds of sorts the following for out-door cuiti- 

 vation, and 1 may add that they may all be relied upon 

 to give satisfaction ; at least they have never failed to 

 bloom profu y with me. To persons wishing to grow 

 large speeimene and incurved flowers the following are 

 the best j Blush and Pink— Queen of En-land, King, 

 Alfred Salter, Beauty, Nell G wyime, Christine, Ilermine, 

 Trilby, J< ie, Princess Marie, Madame Andi Duke. 



[loss— Themis, Versailles Defiance, Stafford, Phidias, 



Nonpareil, Pilot, Rosa mystics, Leon Leguay, Campes- 

 troni, A retina. Orange and Hose— Anaxo, Cassy, 

 Cyclops, Dupont de I'Eure, Lynas, Warden, Racine. 



Yellow— Plum*, Annh Salter, Golden Clustt r, Chevalier 

 Damage, Cloth of Gold, Webb's D ighk, htoile d'Or. 



Red and Carmine — King of Crimsons, Madame 



Poggie, L'Emir, Pio Noon, Rsbelsis. White— Vesta, 



Defiance, Goliath, Madame Laborde, Madame Corbay. 

 Madame Bouchalet. Purple — Rolls, Albin. The 

 following are all excellent border flowers, but not 

 incurved. White — Marchioness, Surprise, Lucid HO), 

 Conqueror. Yellow — Temple of Solomon, Formosum, 

 Australe, Gerb d'Or, Queen of Yellows, Changeable 

 Yellow, L'Ingot d'Or, Le PropWte. Red— < tante de 

 Rantzau, Duke de Comyliana, Claudius Ptolemy, 

 Vortigern. Carmine — Bixio, Bossuet, Atro-rubens, 

 De Crique. Lilac— Calypso, Princess Royal, Minerva 

 Webb's Quern. Crimson and Orange — Madame 

 Cammerson, Christophe Colomb, Orlando, Aries, 

 Augusts Mie. Anemone flowered: Yellow — Gluck, 



White— Flew 



Mar^ut rite de York, Reine Marguerite. 



de Marie, Nancy de Sermet, Madame Godereau, Salter's 



- i- j- 4- *%*i« ii u^A^ a o-o Peine Marizu^rite. Nankeen — Marguerite d'Anjou. 



espaliers, and in one portion of it the wall borders are i; c "^ **■*» . • c„i«i».,«, F^ina* 



32 pp. more. 



We only notice this for the purpose of warning the 

 public that it does not exactly fulfil the promise made 

 in the title-page. What it does contain of Horticulture 

 is limited to the Appendix, borrowed literally from 

 Speede's well-known book, and as id written, and unin- 

 structive as can well be devised. The remainder of the 

 volume consists of anecdotes and poetical extracts upon 

 which we must not presume to express an opinion. 

 The chief relation they bear to gardens appears to con- 

 sist in their being arranged under the names of trees 

 and flowers. The book is, however, intended for Indian 

 readers, and we presume will prove more to the taste of 

 Hindostan than of England. 



Sanitary Reform and Reformers (Stanford) is a well- 

 ^tten, but fierce attack upon Messrs. Chadwick, F. O. 

 ward, and all the other advocates of converting (we 

 should rather say of trying to convert) town sewage to 

 profit We are not sorry to see a clever writer and a 

 Well informed man taking this view of a great question ; 

 but we should have preferred a less acrimonious style. 

 The pamphlet should be read by all who are engaged 

 111 this most important discussion, and most especially 

 jy the members of the new Metropolitan Board of 



Works. 



Lawson's Gardeners' Kalendar, a broadside of the 

 Usual size, is beyond all comparison the most useful 

 thing t the kind which has been offered to persons 

 interested in Horticulture. It ought to be hung up in 

 svery seedshop, nurseryman's counting-house, and 

 gardener's room in the United Kingdom. It is orna- 

 mented with an excellent litho-tinted view of the hot- 

 £>uses, &c, in H.M.'s Garden at Fro -more. It may 

 j* had at 1, George IV. Bridge, Edinburgh ; or at 27, 

 kreat George Street, Westminster. 



The Flora of Vie Colosseum of Rome, by Dr. Deakin 



Vproombrid^e), will we think prove acceptable to the 

 English visiting Italy. It contains short familiar de- 

 scriptions, arranged systematically, of some 400 or 500 

 8 Pecies of plants, in the form of a well printed pocket 

 Volume. 



tiswer the purpose ot amateur traveile 

 "** botany ot Italy, and Southern France, as well as of 

 106 Colosseum. 



mmm ably above the level ot the surrounding 



ground. The sloping faces of these banks, which are kept j *^™™*; 

 up by dwarf walls, form excellent places for growing 

 early vegetables in spring. By putting shallow wooden 

 an Appendix of frames over Lettuces in such situations, their progress 



fit for use very 



It is 



M J — 1 » 



Such a work was wanted, and will probably 



as a guide to 



is greatly accelerated, and they are 

 much sooner than others not so kindly treated, 

 under bell-glasses or cloches, however, that the best 

 Lettuces are grown here, and by means of these they 

 can be had the whole winter through. The seed is 

 sown in August, and when large enough the plants 

 are pricked out on a warm border, five or six 

 under each bell-glass. By means of a wooden peg, 

 pushed into the ground, with notches in it for 

 the edge of the bell to rest on, air is given on all favour- 

 able opportunities. As the plants increase in size so as 

 to get too thick they are thinned out and used till at last 

 only one or two are left, and in April and the beginning 

 of May these are reported to be admirable specimens. 

 All the protection they get in winter is some straw mats 

 put over the cloches, which are also surronnde 1 by the 

 rakings of the shrubbery. In this way early Lettuces crisp 

 and eatable even to the very outside-leaves are secured, 

 and that at very little expense, for the bell-glasses in 

 France only cost 9d. each, and their carriage to this 

 country is not great. Why do not our glass manufac- 

 turers take possession of this trade ! Some hundreds of 

 these glasses are employed here just as in France. 



The Batates or Sweet Potato has been cultivated 

 here in nearly as great perfection as in the South of 

 France, some of the tubers, the white round kind, 

 weighing nearly 3 lbs, each, and the yield large, 24 

 plants being reported to have furnished 2 bushels of 

 Batates. The manner in which this feat has been 

 accomplished is as follows :— In March the eyes are cut 

 out and put into 3 inch pots, filled with peaty soil, and 

 started in Cucumber beds where there is bottom-heat 

 By the middle of May they have made good plants and 

 are ready for planting out. A bed is then prepared for 

 them in the open ground by throwing out the mould 

 about 6 inches deep, putting some hot dung in the 

 bottom and then replacing the soil. The Batates are 

 then planted in a handful of peat, 12 in a row, 30 feet 

 long, and 3 feet wide. Bell-glasses are put over them 

 and in -the case of those grown here were kept on all 

 the summer, but Mr. Gabriel Darragon, the trench 

 aardener to the Duke, is of opinion that when the 

 weather! Las become warm they might be dispensed 

 with. This then is all the care tin received, and the 

 result was as has been already stated, that the tw 



borders have all bloomed freely. Anemones: White 

 tipped with pink— Cedo NttHL Amaranth— Ariane. 

 Red— Atropos. Carmine— Daphnis. Orange— Junon. 

 Yellow-— Sac "amento. Blush-— La Ruche. White 

 Keine des Anemones. Purple s^rts— Lias. Lilac 

 Altba»*flora. Rose— Finett*. The following are 

 not Anemone-centred :— Rose — Madame Rousselon, 

 llanuncule, Madame Maillard, President Decaisne, 

 Precoce, Hclene, Adonis, Elise Miellez. Yellow 

 —La Roque, Solfaterre, Drin Drin, Pluie d'Or, 

 Birrol, Le Jongleur, Le Pygmee, Coindre. Red 

 and carmine— Bob, Grand Sultan, Brilliant, 

 Doctor Bois Duval, Admiral Dumont Durviile. Plum 

 — Riquiqui. Piquillo. White— Argentine, Princess 

 Mathdde, Modele, Mont Blanc. Blush— Bijou d' Horti- 

 culture, Madame Jules d'lvry, Graziella, Uranie. Red 

 and Orange— Asmode'e, Aurore Boreale, Criterion, 

 Hector. Salmon— Comte AchiSle Vigier, Madame 

 Ailbert. Nankeen and rose— Colibri, Jonas. Buff 

 Autumnum. Gold — Triomphe, 

 S. Broome, Temple Gardens. 



Golden Drop, Cybele. 



Miscellaneous. 



On the Growth of tic Bamboo Cant, and of tht Horse- 

 radish tree.— Theae plants afford good examples of the 

 powers of vegetation within the tropics in their rapid 

 growth. I have been assured on good authority that 

 the first the Bamboo (Bambusa arundinacea), has been 

 known to sh .ot 14 inches in the 24 hours. ■ — ■ 



one 



1 measured 



six days successive y, one that was about 4 feet from 



the stool from which it sprung ; daring the first 24 

 hours it increased in height 6.75 inches ; during the 

 second, 5 25 ; during the third, 4.5 ; during the fifth, the 

 same ; during the sixth, 4 5 inches. The growth appeared 

 to be in part terminal and in part interstitial, the space 

 between the joints in the n w shoot having lengthened. 

 These observations were made between the 22d and 

 29th September, and on a plant in a comparatively poor 

 and dry soil. A Hoi -radish tree (Mortnga ptery go- 

 sperm*) close to my house, that had sprung from seed, 

 had in nine months from the sowing of the seed 

 attained a height of at least 24 feet Its trunk then ex- 

 ceeded in thickness a man's arm, and its branches, 

 proportionally large, were at this time bent from the 

 weight of »» l" )l8 > ™e of which were npe. It had 

 received no culture or manure, and the toil on which 

 it grew was stony, and nowise a fertile one. I find 



amongst my notes another instance of the activity of 



