THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE 



"~~TTjId Whetherthe monoply which the com- | applied to the \oung G 

 ^twaamw » (heexecut ; onof that i e gi s latioa have '"'■ " *-- »- " 



801 



Jjtberto 



^rs we a^»-^ privileges on individuals or limited 



effect of c .^ ,- : du ai s , which was not the object aimed at. 



l-Jies 01 lpu _ 1 . 7 ._ . n. ...u;«u e n \\^ nTa nil e ««K 



w ^ root in the spring of 1854. 



(Hig usual time is March or April, as the seasons maj 

 suit). He considers the £uano of most service in forcing 



W 



bodi 



To 



iion as needs commissioners for its administration ; 

 tfOlL to whom the administration is confided enjoy a 



JrUW' c , ., ;_ ii „.„•.■» mv oq that ia eninve.l 



m 



- l y uu der it in the s^iie way as that is enjoyed 

 2? these Improvement Companies ; but the answer is, 

 1 [all commissions for the discharge of that which 

 be left to the operation of unrestricted competition 

 ^/natural law are at the best a mere impertinence, and 

 ^tall such salaried commissioners, and this is the class 

 *nder which Mr. Humbertmust place these companies,are 

 Schievous. The question thus arises whether in the 

 !ue before us any new commission is needed ; whether 

 *~v increased gecurity to the next tenant arises from 

 those only being privileged to act who have a standing 

 before the public as the officers of an incorporated com- 

 nanv for agricultural engineering, beyond that which 

 Wild be conferred by the employment of any individual 

 cneineer, or of any one who pretends to act as such, if 

 only his employment be sanctioned by the Inclosure 

 Commissioners. Mr. Humbert draws the attention of 

 Lord Essex to the fact that « As these works can 

 after all only be carried out by the companies, 

 with the sanction of the Inclosure Commissioners, 

 the same inspections are of course necessary (and at 

 the same cost) as if the landowner could make 

 his application direct to the Commissioners ; and that 

 besides this, the landowner has to pay to the company, 

 for the use of their act, a heavy percentage, together 

 with some other charges. He incurs, therefore, more 

 expense and also more trouble, inasmuch as there are 

 more persons concerned in the arrangement, than if he 

 could make his application direct to the Commissioners. 

 " I do not wish," he says, " to imply that the charges of 

 these companies are excessive, nor that an employer ought 

 not to expect to pay the company whose services he may 

 engage, for it must be evident to all that it is alone from 

 charges made upon landowners that the shareholders 

 in the company are to be satisfied, and the directors, 

 secretaries, engineers, and other officers are to be 

 remunerated. But I mean that the charges are alto- 

 gether unnecessary and therefore extravagaut ; because 

 the employer could effect his object more cheaply, 

 more speedily, and more conveniently, by being placed 

 in direct OTnmurrication with the Inclosure Commis- 

 sioners without the assistance or intervention of a com- 

 pany in any stage of the business ; and that to bring 

 about this most desirable state of things either a General 

 Act of Parliament, having the provisions of the Lands 

 Improvement Companies* Act (except that the whole 

 sum expended in the erection of buildings should be 

 charged upon the estate), or an extension of the 

 Private Money Drainage Act, is alone necessary ; and 

 from this might be securely predicted the most 

 favourable results to the landed and agricultural in- 

 terests of this kingdom. It will, in effect, empower 

 any owner of a landed estate, under the direction of the 

 Inclosure Commissioners, to lay out his own capital, or 

 money borrowed by him, in its improvement, and to 

 liquidate the debt so incurred by the estate by annual 

 payments, secured as rent-charges upon itself. The 

 powers of the existing companies would still remain, 

 and whoever might find it to his interest to avail him- 

 self of their services would, as at present, be enabled 

 to do --" 



the Grass for the first cutting, and the bones afterwards. 

 The following is a list of the seeds usually sown per 

 statute acre, subject to some little variation occasionally 

 made by the seedsman, to adapt them to the diiierent 

 soils, whether light, strong, or peaty : 



J peck of Pacey's perennial I 1 



Rye-grass 

 J peck of Italian Rye-grass 

 £ peck of CockVfoot 



1 peck of meadow Fescue 

 £ peck of hard Fescue 



2 lbs. of rough-stalked meadow 

 Grass 



lb. of smooth-stalked meadow 

 Grass 

 2 lbs. of crested Dog's-tail 



2 lbs of Welsh Clover 



3 lbs. of Cow-grass 



3 lbs. of white or Dutch 

 Clover 



with Ball Valve, fitted with 

 li inch Brass Union for 

 attaching flexible suction, 

 with strong wrought Iron 

 Straps for screwing on to 

 any ordinary Water-butt or 

 Cart, as shown in drawing. 



Price of Pump and Union, 

 50f. 



IJ-inch Flexible Rubber 

 and Canvas Suction ford 

 35. &i. per foot. 





Mr. Warburton's rotation of cropping, beginning with 

 the land when in Grass, is — 1st, Oats ; 2d, Mangel 

 Wurzel, Potatoes, and Carrots ; 3d, Wheat ; 4th, Swede 

 Turnips (for which the laud is autumn fallowed) ; 5th t 

 Oats or Barley, with Grass seeds sown therein ; after- 

 wards in Grass for six or eight years, and in some 

 fields (if the Grass remains good so long) for 10 or 12 

 years ; but in several of the fields the herbage begins 

 to deteriorate at seven or eight years old. 



Weaverham, near Northwich.— Mr. Thomas Wild, 

 who also occupies a farm of light soil, states that on 

 such a soil Barley is preferable to any other white crop 

 for laying down laud to Grass ; and Oats or Barley on 

 clayey loams, if drained. He has also laid down land 

 after early Potatoes, and states that he considers this 

 the best system for getting good herbage for milking or 

 feeding, but it is not so profitable as laying down land 

 with corn. He finds in all instances the second year's 

 lea is the least productive, but considers the aggregate 

 produce of his three first years of Grass of more value 

 than three years of old Grass, if the soil is of a light 

 quality. His Clover or first year's Grass root is 

 always manured with boiled bones as soon as conve- 

 nient after the corn is removed. The following seeds 

 are sown per statute acre :— 12 lbs. of Red and White 

 Clover or Trefoil, varied according to circumstances 

 with carefully selected Grass seeds. He lias several 

 times applied permanent Grass seeds from Mr. James 

 Dickson, of Chester, which have cost 10*. or 12*. per 

 acre (exclusive of the cost of Clover seeds), and they 

 have answered very well. The land intended to be sown 

 with Clover and Grass seeds is worked to a very fine 

 tilth, and rolled before sowing the seeds, otherwise a 

 great portion of the seed would be covered too deep, and 

 be entirely lost. After sowing, the land is bush-harrowed 



lightly, and again rolled. This plan has been 



U Gutta Percha Suction, 

 1*. 6<2. per foot. 



WARNER'S 



STAN- 



PATENT VIBRATING 



DAKD PIMPS 

 '-IKON PCM1 for the use of Farm* 

 ks, and Wei: l a depth pot e xc ee d ing 30 feet. 



Diameter length 



of Barrel, oi Barrel. £ a. d. 



14 fn. short 1ft. 7 in. mtM for ImA, \ 1 10 

 If „ Ion* 3 „ 3 „ gutta pettha, j l 14 o 



8 „ ditto 3 „ 6 .. 4 or oast iroo >t 8 n 



3) „ ditto 3 



4 „ ditto 3 „ e ., \ aarequiw 



li „ short, with If. feet of Uad Pips 

 aturhfd. and Bolts and Nuts 

 ready for fixing t 14 



2J in. long ditto ditto ditto 2 18 O 



„ v „ , flanged ipMf 1* 

 6 ., \ as required. /S 10 



very 



Has tried 



care 



so. 



We believe with the author of this pamphlet that the 

 general intelligence of landowners, backed by the veto 

 of the Inclosure Commissioners, is guarantee enough 



1£ lb. of crested Dog's-tail 

 4 lbs. of Red Clover 

 2h lbs. of White Clover 

 l| lbs. of Rib-grass 



eoafi 



;ency 



omcer^Qf certain privileged companies or to those whose 

 tppointmei^ m a y be sanctioned by these officers. And 

 * e telieve wi^<h e select com mittee of the House of 

 i-ords which sat Ife^lay, that ifc ^ desirable that the 

 powers now vested « in ^ Companies be made the sub- 

 ject of a General Regulation^nd that a General Act be 

 passed without delay, for determining under what pro- 

 visions owners of limited and settled estates should be 

 Permitted to obtain advances of money for their 

 improvement, &e." 



M 



NEAR NORTHWICH. — Mr. 



John War- 

 *ht soil, sows 

 sometimes in 



- Farm Memoranda 



Sandiway, 

 burton, who occupies a farm chiefly of 1 

 his Grass seeds with Bailey or Oats, and 

 tue Wheat crop, and says that they will succeed with 

 *°y of these crops if the land be thoroughly cleaned and 

 maaa ged. To effect this object in clayey loams, he 



j^ommends tnft t they should be autumn fallowed. He 



j^s also sown Grass seeds after early Potatoes, and 



jQund, *hen the land was thoroughly clean, that the 



., rass crop succeeded very well, and could be mown 



to times the following year. In this case the seeds 



^Qould not be sown later than the middle of September. 



uh reference to the "second and after years' herbage," 



^&ys he has a field now that was laid down in the 



Pfing of 1853 with a mixture of Grasses recommende 



v and nu 



adopted for many years, and never failed, 

 seeds with the Wheat crop, but could never succeed in 

 getting such good pasturage. He is aware that many 

 objections are made to new laid down land for cheese- 

 making, but is himself satisfied that on light soils more 

 Grass is obtained, and consequently more stock kept, 

 and more cheese made, than from old pasture. 



Dutton Hall, near Preston Brook.— Mr. J. Taylor, 



whose farm is composed of both strong: and light soils, 

 lays down his sandy loams to Grass with a Barley crop, 

 but the clayey loams with Oats. His second and after 

 years' herbage is of unusually good quality, and con- 

 sidered by him as quite equal to old pasture for cheese- 

 making, but the manufacture of the cheese requires more 



most probably from the fact of the milk being 

 richer. The manure he applies to the young Grass root 

 is bone-dust. The Grass seeds sown by him are obtained 

 from Mr. Chivas, and are for a statute acre as follows:— 



3 pecks of perennial Rye-grass * peck of meadowJPoxtail 



£ peck of Cock' s-foot 



I peck of meadow Fescue 

 l^lbs. of rough and smooth - 



stalked meadow Grass .» — - - „««^ D 



The cost of the above is about \os. When the seeds 

 are intended for pasture, Cowgrass is substituted lor 

 Red Clover. Mr. Taylor's second and third year s her- 

 bage is said to be uncommonly good. 



Daresbury, near Warrington.-Mt. William Hail, 

 who occupies a farm of clayey loam under Mr. Lnad- 

 wick, was allowed a few years ago to break up an d 

 meadow for the purpose of draining it and laying it 

 down in better condition. After going through a short 

 rotation of cropping, the field was laid down to Grass 

 with a Barley crop in April, 1853. In the spring of 

 1 854, the young Grass root was manured with 5 cwt. 

 of boiled bones per statute acre, and was mown once m 

 that year and once in 1855, the crop both times being 

 good. The soil is a stron-ish clayey loam, and the 

 Grass seeds sown, which were prescribed for by myself, 

 were after the following rate per acre, the cost being 

 21*. :— 



3 pecks of perennial Rye-grass -* .„-.__ «*-*«« 



1* pecks of Cock's-foot H P«* of meadow r oxtail 



14 peck meadow Fescue %l lbs - of Cow Grass 



2i lbs. of rough stalked meadow 2i lbs. of Trefoil 



Grass I 2* lbs. of Timothy Gras* 



Most of these Grasses have come up, and the nerba " e 

 of first-rate quality. When compared with other items 

 in the same farm laid down without natural Grasses in. 

 the ordinary way, the superiority is very apparent. Mr. 

 White, at Chester. 



The sh< barrel Pump la v«ry con rettl— 1 

 for fixing .1 situation* of Hr *d height and 

 Kpaca, for the supply of copper* aud sttketB 

 Wash-hour th soft wtfer Inoai under- 



ground tanks, or in Hot, Forcing, ao4 riant 

 Houses; they may be fixed, when desired, 

 under the stage. 



May be obtained of any Ironmonger Of 

 Plumber In Town or Country, at the above prices, or ot 1. he- 

 Patentees and Manufacturers, JOHN WARN I asd SONS. 

 Crescent, Jewin Street, London. 



Every description of Marl ery for Raising Wster by meeas 

 of Wheels, Kaue, Deep Well Pumps, Ac; also Fire and Gar<i« u 

 ■urines, Ac . Ac--~Engrevl n fts sent on application . 



/ "\AT-C HUSHING ahd BEAN-SPLiTTiNG MILL 



^ (Tuasma's No. 5). 



This Mill is recommended to 

 the use of every person keeping 

 a Horse, as superior for effi- 

 ciency, durability, and ease in 

 working to any manufactured^ 

 Two bushels of crushed corn 

 afford more nourishment both 

 to old and young horses than 

 three bushels of uncrushed ! 



Price £5 15*. 64. 



Made and Sold by 

 E. R. & F. TURNER, St. Peter's 



Iron Werlt*, fpswich. 



r 







21 lbs. of smooth ditto 





purchased from Mr. Chivas, of Chester, which 

 **e mown twice in 1854, and once in the present y* ar, 

 *^ the herbage is now equal to any old pasture for 



<iow Se ^ akin? ° r feedil, g- Part of this field was la,d 

 u with Wheat after Mangel Wurzel and Potatoes, 



P*K with Barley and Swede Turnips. Eight to 10 I 



*^ Of bou^d hone*, and 2 tn % r- w * nf •niSin. 



Notices to Correspondents. ^ rf 



%%£S ir 7SS K^l Tumip-cutter, who 

 formerly resided in Bristol ? A . -CT ™„«h «s would fill 



Gas Coke: J BE. If you pay only 90,. for " ^J^a U in 

 1000 feet of drain, you would vet have a yry \»^ ' ri . 

 most districts a more costly material than pipe me. or 



Uioiwn:/* We »»ould suppose Ui ** '^{^ iraple . 



possibly commission agency fw ,^^„pation for the spare 

 ments, would be a profitable mode ot .^'' p i '" hardly proper for 

 . time yon speak of ; but really the subject is haraiy P v* 



were ( our discussion or pages. 



NC FORKS I DRAINING TOOLS. 

 ™ri«r 00° FOR CHIL0MN. INVAUM, 



THE Bt5»i rww AN0 oTHtRS. m m ,. 



, Am WQn W PATENT BARLEY, for making 



-pOBlNSOiNb *0; «^i rl? in i»i mimitee, bu not on)y 



K superior Bi^^^J^%^ l Z 8t*il Fa*Uy, 



obtained the patronage 



become of general use 



A%m 



and is acknowledged to ^"J 1 d Inra llde; mnrh appro** 

 thickening Brothaor Soups. Tg f wow tnt n 80 years 



? r ^t~.mi nutritious supper for th- agee, u^ v p; £ mhBr mA f 



for 



Infants aud Children _ ___ mammmmmmt 



Street, Holboro, Lead* 



5=*^ by the Patentees, R.btsso*. SS32^i^ 



packets 

 each. 



rocera, »««•»* "~ ,£ Clni9ttt ^ 



