THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



[Jan. 13, 



I :>,i 



w.e last year the two most efficient 

 members of the acting Council, and m 

 bitors, ba> ft 4 ■ • Mr - TlGHE 



-ton; and we 

 venture to predict that at least two more, the very 

 best and most useful among them, will follow the 

 example, if they have not done so already. The 

 gardeners who could act fori 



fold difficulties, have maintained a se< on - 



"Planting two plants together is to guard against 

 losses by insects, and when all danger from this is over, 

 the weakest can be destroyed. Raising them in pots, 

 instead of sowing them in the ground, is to prevent gaps 

 in the rows, and to give the opportunity of haying all 

 the plants in the ridge of equal size, so that when 

 earthed up, the plants being alike in strength, the same 

 quantity of soil will be required for all. The weakest 

 plants may be kept in the cold frame 10 days longer, 



which has prov< 



What could possibly have led, even in 1 



rttcb "•• have brought um 

 notice of the public ; brought, not for the j 



. iniils, as some of the judicious gen- 



itiou wbii h they have made of 



with which -.wieners and the interests of gardei 

 i ■ M treated. 

 The resolution to which the Royal Dublin Society 



means of exhibition : its garden at Glasnevin 

 one of the most beautiful places near Dublin, l 

 Horticulture is part of its official business. 

 would be desirable that the " Association " sho 

 give it the advantage of its infant strength ; 

 energy, by supporting the Royal Society instead 

 of attempting to stand uloi.e. At all events, we feel 

 that the object of what has been done 

 columns is attained ; that Irish gardeners wi 

 justice shewn them; and that Hortietiiuire 

 longer be pressed down in Ireland by the 

 weight of a fashionable ineap ibie So< iety. 



Let us hope that it may never again be nee 

 for us to revert to this unpleasant subject. 

 CAKUi 



vegetables. It possesses wholesome and me 



•Lave it .,:ih requires to be better 

 lore generally in cultivation in this 

 amily I have tl * 



we find the Car- 

 is also the most convenient 

 r growing it in, I offer your 

 its culture, including « D.," 



I ehcose for the Cardoon a piece of ground that re- 



- 



::- ' -. 



• stiff the soil, so that the bottom be dry. 

 The exposure must be an open one, u I 



:' ■■■■•■ - ..': •'. -; ".:• " . ;;'. : ■■ ■ ,t . • . . ". , 



• !-"•- -■' 

 .: . :- . - 



v'ardoon. The trenches are 

 l d the 1 dgi i, and breaking the lumps well as the work 

 ;i smooth with the back of ifat 



inches, a'previously prepared con 

 consisting of chopped turfy soil, good solid half-i 



' ■ : 

 mariner s to keep the compost merely covered, 

 the grouad below is loosened to the depth of a fu.. „. 



.; 



tune the ground wUl be in ' 



in May we sow the seeds m thumb pots, placing two 

 sound seeds at opposite sides of the pot. and plunge the 

 pots m a cold frame, which is kept close until the plants 

 appear, when plenty of air is admitted to prevent them 

 drawing up weakly In a fortnight after the plants 

 axe up, they w,il be strong* enough to plant out in this 

 order , one row op the centre of each trench, 18 inches 

 apart, and a row 2 feet from it in quincunx fashion on 



ins 



•:, j ■,■ estal! 

 to be kept cle 



mote the growl 



hoe. In the beginning of October, the most 



trench of plants will have at: 



: number of well twisted hay-b 

 be provided for winding round them. Take 

 of a fine dry day, and commence by carefully bringing 

 all the leaves into an upright position, in which they 

 should be held by one person while another fastens the 

 hayband round the bottom of the plant, and winds away 

 tightly until the whole of the stalk is bound round, and 

 the end of the rope secured. Proceed in this way until 



oisture as effectually as possible. Proceed in the same 



hole are finished. 



le Cardoons ; but I find that by deferring the earthing 

 o till October, and by twisting the bands well, and 

 stening them tightly round the plants, we have very few 

 ilures, although our situation and soil are very in- 

 fferent. We have tried blanching by fastening the 

 aves closely together with string or matting, and 

 ltting an earthen drain pipe over the plants, and 

 ling up with sand. This plan answered admirably ; 



lite crisp, and fit for use. The adoption of this plan 

 Duld prevent the loss of room occupied by the ridges, 



nd these, if many 



ne of the first in his pro! 



; ;<>ons have been trimmed and 



leaves removed, cut them intc 



about 4 inches long. Put the pieces into a pan 



required, are expensive. The 

 the first in his profession, gives 

 pe for cooking and 



Cta be easily removed. After 

 ne, let them be well washed, and boiled three 



i made with good gravy. It is an 



nalogousto fibrine, 2 ounces of that fluid ad. 

 I daily will afford about 0.3 of an ouncerf 

 sd principles capable of supplying the waste of 

 i. I will therefore propose the following u a 

 lear approximation to the amount of nutrition 



and about 1 ounce more from the gluten of the bread 

 and potatoes, and from the milk and cocoa. Hence the 



t it is evident that in the common course of things 

 xact apportionment of the food to the wants of the 

 dual can never be adhered to. Self indulgence in 



evils resulting, both from a temporary deficiency and a 

 temporary excess in the means of subsistence, and this 

 she has done by the formation of fat. Fat is, in fact, a 

 magazine kept in reserve for supplying animal heat, 

 when the fuel for maintaining the combustion in the lungs 

 and in the capillaries by which it is supported has not 

 been afforded in sufficient quantities from wit 

 means, indeed, hibernating animals, which breathe very 

 slowly, are enabled to live on during a long winter 

 hoot food. Thus the bear, who is covered 

 itumn, wakes up in the spring lean as well 

 is animal heat having been maintained 

 during his winter's sleep by the slow combustion of his 

 fat ; hence, too, the predilection which the inhabitants 

 of northern regions evince for oily descriptions of food, 



i relish by t 



NUTRITIVE VALUE 



Meat, if lean, consists 



::.:■-'<. - t fil ri 



of its wei 

 itrengthened with three 



Barley, Carro 



may neglect this in our calculatic 



nitrogenised principles supplied by 4 oz. of 



. 20 oz. of bread will con- 





11.- oz. of starch, gum, and sugar will yield about 

 4.8 oz. of carbon for maintaining the animal heat. 1.4 of 

 gluten and other nitrogenised principles will go towards 



~ rP jE Dg -n h ? WaSte ° f thG b ° d * and their va ' ue » th «* 

 respect will lem proportion to the nitrogen they con- 

 tain. Now gluten contains about 16 per cent of 

 nitrogen, so that 1.4 oz. of gluten will vield 22 of 

 vS en to a n n n e C auai q amo l7 X *" ?%"***.** e ^- 

 aKV f P ° tat " 0eS C0Dtain ^ "wbon, ™d only 



^ ... i-n 



in colder 



mpplied by those substances that contain it 

 Thus, that of the animals we feed upon, the oil 



kinds of food, if not consumed in respirath «, 



Liebig, that starch, sugar, and gum are capable of being 

 converted into it by the processes of the animal economy* 

 this change all such kinds of food as are sub- 

 the production of animal heat, may be stored 



up by the body v 



going on m the sysl 

 tribes, securing 1 



other of the 



design on their part, and by 



is entirely unkm 



hem, without any 



s the end of which 



:cm the evil consequences 



temporary deprivation of 



od. It is, however, admitted by all, that muscular fibre 

 not convertible into fat, and hence in a state of nature 

 trnivora are necessarily lean, since the animals on 



■ - i Staining hie 

 is very considerable. 



The half-bred voyageurs of Canada, according to 



Ufa, usually consume from 1."- to 20 lbs. of 



I consider themselves put *P on sbo ." 



" nee if limited to 8 lbs. The wandering Cossacks 



*ia habitually devour a quantity of anin ^ fo< ? d 



would be fatal to any one unused to it. > cold 



es, where the expenditure of carbon necessa^ ta 



keep up the animal heat k 



•e enormous. CaptaiiT 

 oung Esquimaux, who 

 than 35 lbs. of various 

 of aliment, including tallow candles. These 

 ties are much larger than would be inferred from 



Parry relates the case of a 



seen already tl 

 i respiration di 



life. What need 



47tf'.a7£m7wV; -»|y exp,ained, but theory, as well as experience, agree 



the carbon in th , U ea6t . m 8U ggestmg, that the truest economy consists, 



quantity used, Now w | of an ount of co^ 2 ounc« ' Z x S ? ■!" "*"* ^^ ° f the diet £ ° k,y ? 

 / as , oi an ounce ot cocoa, 2 ounces , the supply of nitrogenous ingredients, and in seeking the 



