2—1849.] 



first, the proportion 

 in them ; secondly, 



THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



' ::< 



a it argued in a pamphlet 

 i of certain kinds of fari- 

 lbs. of Wheat flour yield 



H of a penny to £, whereas it is evi<3 

 crease of weight in these cases is in j 



the one scientific, 

 relative amount of 

 ous principles present in 



nitrogenous and non-nitrogenous principles 

 equal weights of each ; the other, an emp 

 derived from experience of the quantity of each 



made respecting the superior value of the first at least 

 of these substances considered as an article of nourish- 



sists of starch, sugar, and gum, which supply materials 

 for animal respiration. Rice is stated by Dumas to 



and dextrine, so that in this respect its t 

 only about 11 per cent., whilst the propo re- 

 present in it is only 3.6 per cent., although Dumas 

 considers that its nitrogenised principles. 



. diet, as they labour less, and therefore have 

 ■ - 



value is to that of Wheat only as 85 to 77, even leaving 

 out of the mb gluten, whilst its 



world, allow me to record a comple 

 .revolution which we have effected h 

 offpreserving our ice in a common 

 Wlthh \ the last 12 or 15 years there 1 

 ordinary kinds of ice-houses, and oi 



; keeping in reality so 



fact is certain, as your columns 

 To obviate this state of things ice-heaps, or icebergs as 

 we caU ours, have been formed in the open air ; and 

 capital things they are. For small families 



- . 



«f « a *? 1 ^ e " nou se is indispensable for the preservation 

 '■!', and fowl," and a hundred other things 



tow u^^rigevlt^TtrLuo an i let 

 Jerg and for such purposes only has the ice-house here 

 teen devoted for many years ; we also find 

 garden purposes. Peaches gathered two or three days 

 Aefore they are ripe, wrapped in tissue paper, and packed 

 «nn eases amongst cotton wadding, will keep perfectly 

 jeU, buried in ice, for three weeks or a month ; early 

 -Tears and Apples the same, and many other things. It 

 honJ? neces8ar y to introduce the fruit from the ice- 

 sent fr""? f\ warm dr y atmosphere two days before it is 

 navonrLi t0 render Jt as mellow and as well 



For ^T^ tf gathered from the trees that morning. 



£«T\^ nsum P ti0ll > however > ma °y of these 



• be managed with an ice-bin in-doors 



*°PPued from an iceberg It is much easier to 



suTption X! y for . rrf rigerator8, or for the daily con- 



mpuon irom an iceberu than from the most acces- 



11 an iceberg than from the i 



■ th are in use, m 

 1 be put together i 



KlUngTe" C e\ou a se Ce -in. the Deighb0Urb0 ° d) wiU d ° 



forTce a c r o e nf° ,neWhatCelebra ' ted here forour ices > and 



•ancps. We gardeners not only carry in 



but wo ™ t dlfferen t departments of the household, 



put up 



, 1847, a gentleman who wa 

 t among other new buildings 

 s (I forget which 



of the old structures. The shape ws 

 an oblong figure ; walls 8 feet high, 3 feet of which 

 only were underground ; two gable ends, and a thatched 

 span-roof— just viator set high 



in each gable, and a thorough drainage below, ' ' 

 no pr« n,i.»n for excluding the air by the lower i 

 ■ the usual way. The house was filled to the be 



lir might pass over the ice. One of the garden men 

 was put in charge of the house, with orders to open the 

 ventilators when he left off work, and to shut 



you can account for it satisfactorily to your own mi 

 Now, after attending diligently to all the minu 



arrived at the following conclusion, namely, t 



formerly, owing no doubt 

 I we effected through it, 

 l carried off all the vapour that arose from the 

 -fore 1 soon found out that a 

 mt was more effectual, the air being then 

 d a greater capacity for taking up moisture, 

 ell known that dry hot air is a very sponge for 

 I confined atmosphere the con- 

 Be keeper who has attended to 

 refrigerators can tell you at once that unless 

 sd water pass off readily from below, the ice 



All these things brougl 



" long bygone days, which 



illustration of this slipp 



ill, when I was a shephe 



often basked in the sun 



ep, in the dog days, witi 

 strong breeze coming up fi 

 and yet my snowy couch was as dry as the brown mossy 

 knoll on mountain • side beyond. I have also at that 

 season often dr. > across such a 



mass of snow, and yet you could hardly trace their foot- 

 marks half an hour afterwards ; even when I essayed a 

 game at deer stalking, and frightened a herd of these 



10 minutes after they were gone. On a clear, calm, 

 | oa might observe a little moisture round 



ow from the upper surface. These immense volumes of 

 oware drifted into gullies or great hollows in the 

 ountains during the winter, filling them up from bank 

 bank, and in summer the waste goes on from the 

 ider side of the mass ; the moist vapour will soon 

 rm a beautiful arch, and, by-and-bye, a volume of 

 iter issues forth sufficient to drive a mill, a heavy 

 ower falling from the arch for two or three months, or 

 itil the upper surface is broken, and then the sides 

 ill fall in at times with a splendid crash. Now, if it 

 id been possible to push the arch right through under 

 e wreath in the first instance, and thus li 



ing current of air which would carry up m i 



Here that the snow would have melted very 



slowly, or have become a perpetual bridge across the 



valley. At any rate, a strong current of • I : . 



over or under ice is the best preservative I 



any doubt \ 



I." . . 



motion will not answer tne purpose, ant 



dangerous. 



The weekly reports on our ice-hou 



lounted to this — " No perceptible wastt 



so dry that you might sleep in it.' 



tich used to be f— 



seeds he has prepared. But he is grievously dis- 

 appointed. The first stroke of the spade or fork re- 



adhering clods, and his spade almost : 



3 on the subject, I 



t else to call i 



early in October, was 1 



er day, when we filled it up again. The means we 

 i to effect a thorough draught over the ice are simple 

 ugh. First of alL a ventilator was put in the outer 



ice-well at the end of this passage ; and had it not been 

 that the house is used as a larder, the three doors would 



being at the springing of the dome arch, and a drain 

 carried from hence to the surface of the outside *«* 

 and a grating placed in it, to exclude rats. Tfaen^ 



apex or middle of the dome, thus giving 

 rent from both sides and- off at the top, and 

 persuaded I ought to do away with the ai 

 in the bottom drain, and open it to the si 

 but I shall first try some experiments to ascerta 

 far this may be useful. We have three or foi 



lat time my ground was so wet that I 

 vith it." The explanation of this i 

 , by which one man gets the start of his neigh- 

 simple enough, although in practice the matter 



.;:tin, and it is n 



SEX- 



accomplish his purpose. In the meanwhile his neigh- 

 n all his seeds, and they are above the 



round. How did he accomplish this I 



dug out some mor 



: v pulveri: . 

 thus done its easy work, the rake was available, 

 ,e work was done. The secret of his success is, 

 le had thrown up his ground before the frosts 

 and they did gently and quietly, yet effectually, 

 what 'no skill and labour could otherwise have accom- 

 It is this foresight which is indispensable for 

 sowing. Nor is this the only benefit resulting 

 from this trenching in winter. Insects are prevented 

 from increasing, and the soil is mere capable of causing 



uwill experience the benefi 

 Ids advice is taken you cannot sow early, n 



nsplanting large Evergreens.— I have perused 

 much interest your commentary on the very 

 sensible paper on this subject, written by Mr. Glen- 

 dinning, and printed in the "Journal of the Horta- 

 Bah of my practice fully 



skill, in extraordinary < 





s i n : ] 



succeed, and has had its advocates. The great point 

 subjects, are dealing with an OI 8anfea*«« 

 secretions is in effect the 

 same as in the animal kingdom, producing languor and 

 decrepitude in the one, and decay and death m the 

 other. Remembering, then, that Persmration goes o a 





