THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



^^T^Tnumerous small pits, in the spoil xrom 

 k.' whP small hard, dark-coloured nodules of phos- 

 \ .1 v P rv abundant. Mixed with these are 

 P^ Ss-amorphozoa, bivalve shells ; the 

 Sombre perfect f the Dimyari* occur only as 



fZTbeds are the uppermost of the upper green sand 

 irieland may be followed till they pass beneath the 

 t hite chalk. Across a small valley Mr. Paine is 



rearing the capping of green sand and marl, to get at 

 tne building stone beneath, and which capping contains 

 ,he large irregular concretions of phosphate described 

 uThUletter; here also fossil remains are abundant, but 



uiditone on the south side of this ridge, resting on a 

 nua of the upper ferruginous beds of the lower green- 

 ed, tie latter forming a slight prominence along the 

 iuuJ to Winchester. No beds are worked for phosphate 

 fc'oog this line of gault : the various spots at which Mr. 

 Piiae has obtained this material belongs to the upper 

 men sand, to which part of the series he correctly 

 refers it. He says, ' The exact geological position of 



although he has not worked any of the beds of the 

 gault, he states that the analysis of the fossils which 

 were thrown out in draining this retentive stratum, 

 according to the report of Prof. Way, afforded from 80 

 to H per cent, of phosphate of lime. 



■ The portion of Mr. Paine's communication to the 

 Agricultural Gazette which most surprised me, was 



rich in phosphate of lime in the lower green sand ; and 

 we accordingly next proceeded to view the spots at 

 which it was obtained ; the first of these is in the crown 

 of a hill or ridge above the village of Wrecklesham, the 



rstei 



•'The beds; 



«•':•■• i 



igled with tl 



promoted 

 The vast deposits i 



cted for a long lapsi 

 re. Under one set of 



coprolitic bodies are 

 remains ; and when w 

 racter of the substance 





LANDLORD AND TENANT. 

 he attention of your readers has been of late 

 ntly called to.the very important g i 

 le relative position of landlord and tenant in 



J ridge. \ 



* ^phate I vour or 

 1 by far the richest, 



i gault clays occur at 



found" "' to* ' he gaU - ll: ' decrea ? m S l 



- ■■■ ■:■ :'- '"■:, -^ 



■HMoae wnien occurs so abundantly on parts of 



ItnuZ IT"' h ?V" Mb * in sit »> of *«*«T* 



refer them to the gault. 



Thetrwpoahonofthe gault on the south of tr 



the ««.lp y ?fi, 0t glVen in Dr - Fitton ' s section, owing 1 



^»tly^ggerited e ; andTn E'„ 



adulations of the beds from 

 TtS^ a . ta ° f - BeaCOn - hi11 



Ri^ ^ his 



green sai 



"Th"^?*^2e£». ,n,10h fUrthCr r 

 ^hbo'urhi rf^SSf'Jf ° f P hos P hate of lime in 

 ^^totheunn; Mnham are ' M everywhere , 

 »«chof ii ^• greenaand and gault; two se 

 ^«noduir.T™ n8arericher than t^ rest, 

 "••labTSir* excIusivel y composed of it 

 *^ ^iaUmSJZ ° masses aff ord phosphoric a 

 w Jfe eo-existe witf the nodules - I* ev 



, for high national purposes, is 



full consideration which it de- 



your opinion, or that of any of your readers competent 



to give one upon it, with any counter suggestions which 



may render the principle involved more efficacious 



exertions on the part of some gentlemen, both land- 

 owners, agents, and farmers, through whic 

 a considerable tract of the northern division of the 

 county of Lancaster has been completely changed 

 Peat has been converted into good mixed husbandry 

 land ; cold clay soils, formerly much abused by the 

 plough, yet capable of producing spontaneously abun- 

 dance of natural Grasses, especially white Clover, 

 ith their native verdure, by a judicious re- 

 ttiose exhausted soils, by the 



nothing is done. But of late more inquiry and diBci 

 sion have sprung up amongst the farmers, assisted ve 

 much by the useful and cheap agri 

 M tne day, and very ingenious arguments are resort. 

 ^LT^l'* 11110 ! y e A see thei * own interest ; 



.;e 



are visible ;' I 

 not tarry behind the movements of that clans' whos7aX 



. : 



as possible, so as to answer the purpose for which it is 



appreciation of the contract ml 



and tenant, whu , ,\ ie pama and 



" " pported 



by encouraging and helping 

 have courage enough to ad- 



t might be indeed a c 



9 of society as i 



That to meet the 



I read it frequently with 

 da, short and pithy, not 



of husbandry. I 





^ tWhvchLli. 18 ^wdly scarce 

 ^^i flutes belonging certainly 

 ,°. haT e resulted"^ caunot suppose the beds 

 ?ina gtheo - An&st de8truction of 

 Jjapted ttt]2." d th [ s circumstanclhas obviously 

 BbcS TV** S t£*t /?* a!ready a PP ear ed in 

 uS Wd ha « shown T? ? dulea are c °P r olitic. Dr. 

 tt?" yof *» «£? *£*' these f0S8il bodies consist 

 ^ thi ^«>«tS2 ph 5 B P ha< »- Jt haa been urged 

 if?* so mark,,,, ." e * 5 nodules have not the convoluted 



bos T' e8 wherB -. J~*»«gwnent, as ao agates and 

 SL 10 th « Santm ^ Ve been filled ^ infiltra " 

 JEVticfa rr^sof the bivalve shells and am- 



^fe-Cw W Sh CaS ? COnSi8tiDg > 0f P !r 

 matter*^ in the muS I 8 mUSt aVe first 



Cco D iJ r ? 8 Amoved «S i • * next the P r °P er shellv 



ithin a circle as many miles across. Improv( 

 iich began in the lowlands slightly raised abov 

 1 of the sea, admirably adapted for high cult 



have done but little. Speaking of the latter, as a 

 they "may be said to be wanting considerably i 



very timidly, even on those 

 have become familiar with the greatest im- 

 , They put off good examples with excuses, 

 uly on poverty of purse, but still on poverty of 

 The annual paym 





many (though happily far 

 :e) from" having their lands draine 

 . feeling still lingers that the landlord should drain I 

 ivn property, and give the tenant all the benefit ; th 





ghts, which have lapsed into disuetude. To meet all 

 whilst I proposed to advance money for draining, 

 r cent., I would allow and encourage all tenants 

 . eferred finding the principal themselves, in order 

 to avoid any payment of interest (the feeling of some), 

 to execute ior themselves, either the whole or any part. 

 Their labour should be valued, and I would purchase 

 lem their work by ten equal annual instalments 

 per cent. each. The land's increase, I hold, 

 pay the interest to the tenant ; and none should 

 lired on these terms. I would also insert a clause 



as 'a top dressing for Grass land in this 



agreements on the property with which 1 am connected, 

 carry out the principle involved in the 



above remarks, I should feel obliged for any sugges- 

 .iy enable me to apply them to the greatest 



advantage, as I feel sure that the general application of 



ROYAL AGRICULTURAL COLLEGE. 

 List of Prizemen at General Ses " " 

 Christmas, 1848 : 



: 1st, J. W. Howdon ; 2d, J. P. Pitts. 

 1st, C. Lethbridge ; 2d, J. W. Howdon. 



Mathematics, &c. : 1st, R. Holland ; 2d, V. Rice. 



SURVEYING AND ENGINEERING: 1st, J 2d, 



John Wilson, Principal. 



Chemistry in its 



ciences chemistry is 



3 agriculture, 



found in this district, medium of foreign substances applied to it ; but, in th 

 statute acres on the case of chemistry, as in that of all other sciences, a ce] 



From these 



that is farming about 70 to 



erage, is a hindrance rather than a help in the march tain degree of caution 



improved cultivation. Difficult indeed it is to deal practice the rules laid d 



th many, but I am far from wishing to disparage a his laboratory. Chemisi 



> assist, they are, the 





with what he might have been wit 



real value of a 



i considered how much time must have been 

 unsatisfactory the result most repeatedly have 

 :n no such knowledge existed to certify the 





agriculture, in 



