,. 2 -l849.] 



THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



^- — TTTeffecxive fence against 



S°LJ^irT L H A S!SrS5S 



ffi^^of Drainage or Irrigation of Lands and 



xuriance of the winter Beans, which were 

 ing to flower the first week in May. In some 

 , however, all is now changed. The plants, 

 though covered with flower, exhibit a mass of 

 disease, which is rapidly spreading, and threatens to 

 destroy the whole crop. The worst is that there is 

 no possibility of checking these maladies, for not 

 'y is the task as hopeless as that of a physician 



is called in to a patient in the last stage of 

 ifluent small-pox, but there is every reason to 

 ieve that they arise from changes of temperature 



1 conditions over which the agriculturist has no 

 control. This, at least, is no case of disease arising 



n attack of parasitic fungi, but a deprivation 

 exterior tissue of the plant, resembling very 

 much in many of its phenomena a disease in Tares, 

 ticed in our volume for 1843, but, unlike that, 



The whole external surface of the plant is more 



r;&X 



MESSRS NESBIT'S CHEMICAL AND AGRI- 

 'ai n a"nd D AgSturIi 



B './iMS 1 ' 811 ^ ^ L ° NG " 



OT. THOMAS BAKER, MANOR-HOUSE, MANOR 



■ • 

 ■ A TER APPARATUS 



IniBitN free. Work for the Trade as usual. 



£ ( BENCH offers for sale Patent HOTHOUSES, 



pWAL AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY 



with Dessert, for 300_ Persons, in St A 





®® Agricultural ©ajette 



toVTBDAY, JUXE 2, IMS. 



JjJ»»M. j^ 0B 5 THE TWO FOLLOWING WEEKS. 



state of things to which we were rapidly tending. 

 In England, the evil has been arrested before it had 

 reached its height, by that mysterious visitation 

 which baffles the skill and eludes the science of man, 

 and by which a wise and good Providence is working 

 out his design-. ; . though good 



<ly arise from it, is attended with 



Mvly.- 



cuticle to separate 



msequence ot a tendency oi 



iecome confluent, the cuticle 

 separating in large patches, and exposing the cel- 

 lular tissue, which has acquired a deep ferrugi- 

 nous tint, and has a rough, slightly mealy appear- 

 ance. This is especially manifest at the crown 

 id on the thicker portions of the 

 leaves, meanwhile, being greatly im- 

 peded in their functions by the diseased state of the 

 greater portion of their tissues (the spots, in this in- 

 penetrating from one surface to the other), it 

 that the juices cannot be properly elaborated 

 in the leaves, and that their downward course must 

 be materially impeded; in consequence of which, 

 " shoots are now to a great extent perishing, though 

 disease is quite superficial. If a section be made 

 ugh the spots, the cells of the two or three first 

 layers, but not more, are found to be affected ; they 

 naltered in form, the chlorophyl ' *" 

 ; -orbed or changed into a gin 

 " nt sometimes adheres to the walls in th 

 rownish granules ; the disease, however, appears 

 lainly to affect the cellular substance itself, which 

 ppears under the microscope of a deep ruby red, the 

 olour gradually creeping from one side of the cell to the 

 . an I exhibiting every shade, according to the pro- 



' In Donegal, every 

 is planted with" Potatoes. In Ros- 

 I pasture is being broken up, and let 

 re system." A daily contemporary 

 has stated, on the authority of Lord I 

 Agricultural Instructors, that in other «i 



as large a breadth as possible with Potatoes ; 

 hat when asked what will be their position in 

 rent of another failure of that crop, the answer 

 In that case, we can do nothing but lie down 

 lie ! " When it was suggested to them that a 

 and safer return from the land might be ob- 

 [ by means of Oats, Beans, Peas, and Turnips, 

 ply was that they had no seed. If seed were 

 them, they would try those crops. As if the 

 resources which procured the high-priced Po- 

 ets would not have procured the seed of other 



crops, if there had been the inclination and the 



energy to resort to them. This isthe old cry, the 



impossibility of cropping the 



ance of the Government or some other extraneous aid, 

 inspecting officers under the Temporary 



Relief Act heard so much during the famine of 

 proved to be utterly unfounded 



of the Irish soil will persist in 

 . Potatoes, and if the land- 



. - .:■ - 

 rational system of cultivation, both parties 



:la"e a of 



gress of the disease. 



t the; v 



affected by an abortive state of Uredo Fabae ; 

 not only is there not the slightest trace of any my 

 celium, 



» appearance of the stem is quite d 

 ything observable in the case of t 



It has been observed that where plants are at- 

 tacked by parasitic fungi, the tissues in the neigh- 

 bourhood assume the same tint which the leaves 

 themselves do in decay, or when they are injured 

 by insects. A disease of the chlorophyl and cell 

 mpmbranes is induced, which, in consequence, decay 

 i of languishing 

 ivas observed 



follow that the diseases are therefore identical. The 

 great point is now to observe whether all win' 

 Bean crops are similarly affected, and if not, 

 ascertain the peculiar circumstances which might 



usual ap] 



-:■:•■'■•■' 



ruby -m 



exhibit at present no such _ _ 

 liarly strong and healthy, and 

 once more, after three years' dis 

 a good Bean harvest. M. J. B. 



difference. The 

 Lave been able to asce 



but are pecu- 

 farmers hope 



I called into 

 i suddenly checked 

 weather, attended 



relied on as a staple article of food. It 

 3 nd to the rank of a garden luxui 

 1 we substitute for it? How i 



chiefly on that root to be led without i 

 answer is thus far obvious, that they mm 



raised from our own soil by means of : 

 cultivation. That our own soil is capable, 

 improved system, of yielding such an 

 quantity of grain and animal food as woi 



^ r 



We have 



not be surprised if they t 

 i-rates, nor the latter if tneir estaies pass iuiu 

 hands. I -' to pay the 



m in case of failure by grants from the 

 Imperial Treasury, tends only to encoura... 



and that the sooner all classes in Ireland are 

 d that thevwill be left to their own re- 

 the sooner they will learn the necessity of 



p'art of England which comes under onr 

 i. we are happy to observe among the cot- 

 lination for the Potato culture 

 planting of Beans 

 and Peas. These, " 



;ers a greater disincli 



3 for the Potato is 



ideratum. The 

 the Haricot or 



Well boiled, a I 



ile hot, and s 





sprinkled witn 

 hiefly imported from France, and cost 



n of them in Ireland or the north of 

 We fear they are too tender for field 

 culture, even in our southern counties, but in the 

 French Beans can be culti- 

 vated for their green pods, there seems no reason 

 against their cultivation for their ripe seeds. Ihey 

 have the advantage of being a crop which does not 

 occupy the ground long, and they can be easily stored. 



cultivators of cottage gardens to induce the trial of 

 experiments in cultivating them on a small scale, 

 and to introduce a taste for them as an article of 

 food, by distributing some of the imported Hancots, 



e by me during the 



right proportions of corn 



duce the largest returns, 



H experiments and my example there has 



already resulted to the nation a saving of food, growing 



to be of important consequence to the community ; and 



further gratification of knowing that the 



attention I have called to the subject has been the means, 



stimulate such improved cultivation, it may be 

 hailed as one of the greatest blessing which nuild 

 have been bestowed upon us. From the Potato 

 have flowed the larger portion of those evils which 

 are now desolating Ireland. The same evils would 

 have resulted in England from the adoption of the 

 | Potato as the sole food of the labouring classes, a 



proportions 



) of an inquiry into the comparative 

 i thin sowing (the difference betweer 



ig so termed) will be but partially unaerstooa 

 by my explaining that the difference between the quan- 

 tity of corn seed which I have shown by my pncfaes 

 should be sown, and that which is at prese nt deposited, 

 amounts in Great Britain yearly to more than the tonugn 

 untry, on an average of the 

 .ars^^nn^yrequured, 



