THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



nor, 



HOTHOUSES, 



*r^h/l/ounce glklfof l^rge riae!" P JSiirt Lightefor 



D ^SSSe the warming of Hothouses, &c, upon their 

 !!l2 mtem of Hot Water Apparatus. They refer to the 

 3£entioiied places, where they have erected most ex- 



- 



■:.. 



He agncttttttnil ®a;ettt 



SATURDA Y, JUN E 23, 1849. 



■ 





is, at the outset, too frequently 



incredulity which confirms the 

 iystem, however bad, because 

 i, and leads to th 



s reared a hydra-headed opposition to 

 the progress of improvement in all ages, and although 

 different in degree now, it is still the same in kind. 

 Of all employments agriculture has suffered the 

 most deeply from clinging to the customs and prac- 

 tices of the past — not necessarily bad because they 



available— while commerce, through its peripatetic 

 and cosmopolitan character has ever strode boldly 

 abreast with the discoveries of the age. The mere 

 practical part of farming is now, however, less a 

 matter of controversy than it was some years ago, 



■ established which forr 



%?. 



. 



pied— the proper relation beta 

 and tenant— there still exists a wide diversity of 

 opinion and practice, and a multiplicity and com- 

 plexity of arrangements and misarrangements which 

 ■ would be well for all parties to have reduced to 

 »jne common, controlling, principle of guidance, 

 ocouand has prospered in her agriculture mainly 

 ^ngh the operation of 19 years' leases, while, on 

 S'j?' a lar e e proportion of England and 

 reana-where tenant-right and ten 

 *w-has remained unimproved to this hour, and will 

 intone so until some better system be adopted. 

 o,t Iff true ' and ma 7 be readi] y admitted with- 

 laaecting the relevancy of the argument, that to 



X2 \Tf y on the sub J ect of lettin § land in 



2** districts is not always safe or satisfactory, 

 Jjjtt u scarcely possible to make even the most 

 anrtJLi - -^*" 8011 between the several systems 



* 1 2? a S is occu P ied in Eri 8 land > Scotland ' 



*** to thaf ™ 0ut coming to a conclusion fayour- 

 firn^-TT under which agriculture flourishes and 



j^ wcnrnng upon certain causes, the 

 ^indg of m obv ™ s t0 be disputed ; and wen 



^^ tH^ cient ! yun J pr fJ ucliced the y v 



8 HlHrlL th , P ast ' and obser ™ in the pn 

 ^£nSr d " WOrk of experience upon whi 

 «* of S aprecedent for future guidance, 

 ^of Sri tringS has P assed away, and 







considerations are totally < 

 can never possess the same ev 

 i given to commerce her present imposing 



. 

 :nt to them, is not now rare, and the prin- 

 i very year gaining ground, so that although 



recognition may be regarded as only a 

 of time, and, what is so far good in the 



bat little impediment is p 

 traduction of a better. If, ho' 

 •eland, " a chaos of confusion a 

 resents itself, where neither c 

 rence can be discovered from w 

 mdense a more o 



\ n x: 





lently one of violent anta. 



neither confidence on the one side, noi 

 capital or industry on the other. They appear tc 

 act as opposing rather than as coincident forces, 

 while the middleman, by his intervention, effec- 

 tually paralyses every effort they make to approach 

 each other, or to draw in the same direction. He, 

 Jew-like, rigorously exacts his "pound of flesh" 

 from both, and has not the fear of Shylock's punish- 

 ment before his eyes. No system can be produc- 

 tive of peace or prosperity where a proprietor lets 







own and his supenor s rent 



py or pernicious system could 

 deed invention — 



-: crimen. It 



produced a 

 be altogether 



the history of Scotland, not so much from the prac- 

 tical farming as the comparatively excellent system 



m ! r which land is occupied in that country. 



. 



i agncul 



i of the greatest importance t 



id leading princi] 





. -:. . 



s sufficient tc 

 proceedings j 

 nugatory the 



s to be under- 



ts parts. 

 ► affirm that Scotch landlords and farmers have hit 

 i mode of letting and occupying land that has 



• - ; 



farmers themselves, especially, a reaction is taking 

 place, the object of which is to obtain a better security 

 for capital than what the present form of lease 

 affords. The 19 years' lease, as generally drawn, 

 provides only for a given period of occupancy, during 

 which it is usually considered that the tenant has 

 ample opportunity, both to improve his land and 

 obtain an adequate profit. A moment's reflection, 



improvements r 



latter years of his occupancy. If he continue hi 

 improvements and high farming to the end of th 

 lease, either the landlord or in-coming tenant rear, 

 what justly belongs to another, whereas, on the oth« 

 hand, if he cease to improve, and merely plough 

 sows, and harrows his land in accordance with tha 

 very loosely defined and mythical abstraction yclept 

 the "rules of good husbandry," he runs no small 

 risk of sacrificing his reputation as a good farmer. 

 Again, if a farmer should, by any unforeseen casualty 

 such as a sudden depreciation of the value of 



give up his farm, not only does his mt 





;« 



l excepting the 1 



ation, is a misnomer ; but, com] . 

 there are some improvements of a more per- 



ing in its effects than liming. and this again more 

 1 an an appl eathm of fan l-yard manure, while 

 ordinary operations of the farm v 

 repeated at shorter intervals do not come under 



y m-t u ' i where the effects of an im- 



provement an riea of years, 



he who made that improvement has >■■ 



to everv I v.itage which 



alculated to yield, whatever may be the period 

 ich he is necessitated to leave his farm. This 

 demand is so obviously just as to require neither 

 ition no: .a postulate 



want of an equitably adjusted tenant-right, 

 founded upon the principle of compensation for un- 

 v d improvements, has always been felt as a 

 hardship by enterprising farmers, who would 

 rly carry oil improvements, had they the ordi- 

 ecurity of a commercial transaction for their 

 liture of time and capital ; l<r it has frequently 



ms for want of capital 

 ely over the crisis. Fai 

 •ariably brought higher 



entered \\ 



: aping abundant 

 -— J so liberally. Hut hi., t- 



ersity cometh. The present 



s than 



econSeiSd 

 the day of 

 loubtedly a 



certainly it 

 ; along with 



for good through the length and breadth of the land, 

 pended on the skill and industry of tl ■ 



';- 



made in the event of his being disposa - 

 at the end of a lease or at ,v 

 diate period. Under such a 



uld depend upon the im- 



agricultural produce, and not, as is the case at pre- 

 t, upon • ': in-coming 



int has of reaping the fruits of his predecessor's 

 istry and outlay. The occupation of farming is 

 pleasant ever to be extremely profitable, and land 

 never be underlet so long as there continue to be 



. Landlords need not be 

 alarmed at the agitation for tenant-right, and they 

 may look forward with confidence to a full equivalent 

 for their land : any more they have no claim to, and 

 d only be the result of an unwise and 

 illiberal mode of letting. 



But who is to effect this important change, and 

 how is it to be accomplished ? If 

 be expected that the landlords, of Scot! 

 ■ ' ■ 

 it offers of higher rents are h 



dates every time a farm is advertised. Th. 

 ,; fficultv which landlord and agent 

 t one out of the 



e literally 



I •: ■ i .: w : ■■ . >.-..• s T 

 purse. The establishment 

 ': tor the general good of 

 a farmer's question. The 

 farmers ought, therefore, to define their claii 

 >;■■ - '..-:■■■ - ; ".■■:■• '■- ■" •''■' 



exigible, and thereafter steadily to refuse 

 land where the proper guarantees are not 

 safed. The proposal is by no means new, ne 

 " " mtried. Tenant-right, on 



. fairly 



principle, equal! 



lourishing— the land 

 rents, and the «• 

 these counties the occupancy l 



