THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



JfcE 2.3. 



two- pence, if two-pence are not forthcoming. What 

 labour might be well expended on the land, if men were 

 not " penny wise and pound foolish !" Let me recommend 

 those who have idle time on their hands, to take half a 

 dozen acres of land, and cultivate them by spade 

 husbandry— I mean gentlemen who are often heard to 



substance from embarking in a little Bpade 

 recreation. I cannot understand on what pr 

 not accommodation, is let to the farmer at half the sum 

 per acre that is paid by the labourer or MS 



,r, "what is the best DWtbod 



lime :" If it is to be applied alone, I sb 



deed in the first place, and 

 .afterwards saturated with water, or as U 

 Scotland " drackit." It may be difficult to assign a 

 reason why lime applied in •! 



qv when a dr\ n is allowable ; 



but 1 know that the experience of many bri 

 eminently practical men will bear me out i 



the most improved implements of the day, and pos- 

 sessed of the most perfect practical and scientific know- 

 ledge of his calling, he cannot turn either the one or the 

 other to good account unless he possesses active, faithful, 

 and intelligent labourers ; and if he is provided with such, 

 be little doubt of his 



LVwhotri 8 



impelling power, and only do their work because they 



cannot help it. That the farmer is often kept back by 



the want of interestedness in his labourers, is, I fear, a 



too strong to require any proof, every practical 



■. 



there is no evil without a cause, we would do well to 

 1 1 ipM> And this will 

 One of the clik | 



in a dry or « drackit " state. The learn. 



shire, advocating its being allowed to beco 

 giving proofs from experiment of the be 

 from so treating it. This certainly coinci 

 own opinion, and seemed also to coinci 

 general opinion of the meeting and of t 

 himself, though he did not attempt to ace 

 Fact. It is probably more permanently e"" 

 its not being so completely pulverised ai 



its active and passive pow« 

 posing and being dissolved, 

 in which I would apply ] 





deserving. Suppose a labourer marries, and Has a 

 family of some half-dozen children, he gets perhaps 9*. 

 reek, with some other privileges, such as a cottage 

 1 garden, with an allowance of fuel, and this all per- 

 is little enough to support him with any degree of 

 ifort. But then he is a slow and careless workman, 

 uires constant looking after and keeping at his work. 



uires no cottage, &c, and is not guppott 

 so much wages ; he is an active and industrious young 

 nd wishes to prove himself superior to his fellow- 

 srs (an ambition that ought to be stimulated). 

 b system is too general of paying not according 

 to merit, but according to the necessity, of the person, 



trustworthy, are not rewarded as they deserve. It may 



family must be supported some way or other, and 

 1 give it to him in the shape of wages as otherwh 

 ; this degrades the labourer from the condition of 



would in that case have a good opportunity of acting on 

 whatever it rendered soluble would in a gi 

 be lost. Lime, it is well known, sinks always deeper 

 and deeper in soils, and ploughing in only fosters a 

 Iready too strong. In order, i. 

 xed with a portion of soil ou 

 well harrowed, for by this means is secured 

 the advantages without the disadvantages of ploughing. 

 .Besides, when it is no longer capable of 

 minerals, then if it is near the surface, by the disin- 



jnade, it is undoubtedly preferable. It DO 



hy a mixture of well slaked lime with roots of weeds 



which have a pretty large admixture of etl 



to them ; for though part of the salts produced wil 



my opinion, be insoluble, undoubtedly the greater 



will, in such a case, remain soluble. But green i 



table matter should not be used. Sir Humphrey Davy 



^V, if** 11 Crops ' P° nd weed3 > the P arin 8 8 of hed * es 



and ditches, or any fresh vegetable matter, requi 



preparation to fit them for manure." Another exc 



_. — ^ VJ Vl Illuc> oue 01 soll)and two of peat. 



lir^ l C Tf ^ g "■ damped 8traw chaff in P rett J 

 large quantity 13 good with a double portion of soil 

 AU such composts should be formed six months prei 

 vwusly to their being required for the land. It is 

 STterv&T sHhat^ht th mV bey ^ *° be ^ 

 together. They should likTwie be ' earthed^ ver*^ 



and To t8 Bhur iUCed fr ° m ^'^ V"* ed "»V by^ 

 iiBfaN^ff"? may . not becom e inactive before produc 



employ him ; and for these he is bound to render, not 



led to do. But not only is such a system a bar- 

 the progress of exertion among the labouring 

 tut it is positively productive of evil ; for, small 



ndition, or at leaBt, from the view that they take, no 

 ance is perceptible. This I take to be one * "' 



common among agricultural labourers. And 1 

 pect it ever to be better so long as it is persist 



id industrious)" for the support of the slothful and 



omit to strongly impress thaTto~be aWT^^T^ 

 my calling attention to Garrett's homS ^ l, *r 

 with which weeds between the drulsof' ^^ 

 destroyed by its use, makes this implement^ 1 *? * 

 due, that when it comes into moii !«T ? f * ** 

 itwiUbefarminTa?^,^^ 

 y it all gram drilled at intervals of notl2f5f 

 inches, may be hoed at a cost of 1*. p er acre TLil? 



ten times the cost, would have given me- 2% 

 >eing done by hand is so perfect or so effectual £ 



be justly appreciated this machine muBtbT • 

 le, and its work examined : and then the bo!!uj 



garnishing them. The green of the Oats and b2 

 will no longer at this season be hidden by the mO» t 

 the flowering Charlock, nor the modesty of the WW 

 - " lerick's-place, Old Jewry, London. ^* 



ir one-horse carts. Frwll 



I have observed the good people to the north ?> 



of their superior farming ; and southward, the net :' 



whilst such humble hill and dale people as w. ■- 

 farmers are never noticed. A little praise, u & 



our mountains and lakes, but their jpsneit I 

 gaiety and pleasure, not examining the operaboa i 

 the plough, the drill, or the harrow, nor ever inquiry 

 the benefits arising from the liquid manure aft 

 or the excellencies of bone-dust or guano. Nor do tk 

 public roads, passing as they do over barren district, 

 allow the passing stranger to see the rich valleys ai 

 well cultivated districts, that are not few, in the eoua 

 Following up the notici 



ot earn sufficient get that support which by 

 red, but let it not be taken off those who ai 

 y among the least able to bear it (the unmarried 

 tirer), thus depriving him of the means of setting 

 lelf up in the world with any fair chance of comfort, 

 ping his energies so that he will only follow the 



One of the advantages from clean farming is the pos- 

 bility of well harvesting Wheat in wet season 

 Among the advantages that arise from clean farmi 



ith which Wheat that is free of weeds is to 

 veil harvested in bad seasons. The on! i. 

 ot exposing this grain for six or seven day-. 

 been cut, for the purpose of preparing it for housinj 

 g, I have long found to be unnecessary ; 

 iry only either when the Wheat has been 

 green, or when weeds have been gathered in the shocks. 



been to carry much of my Wheat the same day it was 



cut, and bad as the season proved last year, in this way 



y crop was secured without damage ; so that, not- 



anding the general averages are only 46*. per 





, uiereiore, say that 



cut until quite ripe ; then, taking advantage of fine 

 irs, I muster all the r- J - T 

 fast as possible. Ti 



» wind, and after dim 



j'were and now are going on in the county. * 

 ir, like a great number of his neighbours, tail 



t< a j . : 

 ets to sbo. fkt 



the c .a:; 

 ;L'hb -r-. ■■ 



folTowedth'e "five-shift course of husbandry as *v 

 practised in the Lothians. Oats out of lea ; Tm? 

 or Potatoes always on drills. At that time, I ne* 

 drXhmltandry had been long practised, and, I beSw 

 first introduced into the East of Cumberland by*. 

 Howard of Corby Castle, grandfather to the pra* 

 member for Carlisle. After Turnips, Barley ji* Jf 

 grass and Clover generally follow, the land bong v 

 and sandy. Sometimes, however, Wheat « ■» 

 stituted, but not generally. The following yew 

 hay, and the fifth Grass. And as is now the p 

 great care was then taken in cleaning the una a»rj 

 paring for the green crop, and in the a ; {te ' -c ^T i 

 weeding, singling, and ploughing. In m^ 4 

 exception of bone-dust and guano, and new ^ 

 Turnips, the practice there was exactly ^^^ 



any other in the county, nor do I « memto „fL\i 

 district might be seen, with the wheejand axles** 

 revolving together ; these were called re 

 fancy none of these have existed for jhe^l ut* |£j 



what would now be called thorough d . ra ""^ ^jjt, 

 running from top to bottom ; the 



for their advancement in •&**&£* &*** 

 thinking I have said enough ; alio* gJJ^ 

 fact, and I am done. At the ^^3*£* 

 meeting held at Dumfries, » £** gShad *5 , 

 head premiums were awarded to ivu»» rioBl j*£ 

 for horses, bulls, and pigs ; and J at uir ^ % gp 



the west of Cumberland, to sp end a 1 j^g 

 farms in the immediate neighbouthood 0^ rf » 

 farms of Hodgson, of Low >Vai > FoI '«, * , 

 Walton ; Mossops, of ^tUpgton,^^ fg* 



cuUural Gazette £**}&* "" = 



