THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



and improved u 



ecessary to discover the radical cause of an evil ; and 



time and perpetuated until they have become con- 



abt that farmers have indulged in these 

 and expense of 



As you^in your leading article, have supposed this 



view, when 1 Ibe attention of 



aia apparently unimportant, i 



background— for the benefit and profit of farmers I 

 seek to supersede that expensive but inefficient living 

 power they now use to aid them in their labours, by a 



u che heads, hands, and fingers 

 ildren as the secondary agents 



marring accuracy and etiiei,". 

 absolutely necessary to perfection, it was necessary it 



«Dg to contend 1 





night slope or 

 created by the farmers 



■ t.i 



I have become com 

 worthy improi 



they obtained any a 

 Qterb ' • 



" my mind to this subject, 

 x siuaiea k> improve tne Drancnes or ram ifica 



. after deliberation, speedily descended to the 

 root, and there discovered the true cause of the disease. 



Jtnw'or^eM 



£T& 



of operating upon 

 :e this fact, that the 



Beience, in eon fog machines re- 



presented by the hands and fingers of th 



a. The plough is the prime mover in the 

 the farming art being placed on a par wit! 

 manufacturing arts. Farmers have sought to make 

 [low in the track of that which is not a 

 machine, and the result is-no progress, no profit. If 

 you can afford me occasionally a brief space to demon- 



a be superani 

 .-, as m • prune mover of anothe 

 ry, to accomplish the same ends 



w« uuu» near in nund that we have arrived at and li 

 in a mechanic age. Agriculture was instituted in 

 non-mechanic age, and the laws of agriculture ha 

 been considered hitherto even as thf> i.l n t +j, Q ivw 

 and Persians, which we are told "alter not neither 

 they change ;» but we have emerged from the age 

 RSS° DS ihe n i»me lite as t a h griculture must »&" 

 have^Ed tof Tto *ma£ a'^S™ 

 what facetious at the same time, I ask yow 

 and the permission of your readers, to allow me to 



joms mey now *d 



and after I shall have related h 



•ing rules in the use c 



. .;■".' ■-..-' • ■-' 



the top of a' very "steep stai 



proved and ur 

 that ought to b 





tin my position, my oppone 

 ase, and without danger 1 

 eck" at once ; which fate 

 re unless they \ 

 1 out. C. B., Hea 



, Norfolk. 



ERRORS IN FRIENDLY SOCIETIES. 

 It is to be regretted, of this excellent class of n 



principles, or rather upon no principles at all ; ai 

 often happens, therefore, that those who trust to tl 



I attainable. Nevertheless, there i 



re of a different kind. 

 One great mistake in 

 i to assume that each member should pay an equal 



lie younger members have a less chance of becoming 

 urthensome to the funds than the middle-aged ; and, 

 ideed, there is a rising scale of probability of sickness 

 hroughout all the years of a man's life. The Highland 



t an average to be half a week indisposed per annum. 



portion of sick out of 100 at partici 





consequence. They at least agree in representing 

 j ears as attended by increased 



bound to adves . t admit all 



ages at an equal payment is clearly making the younger 

 members pay for the elder, who should have entered at 



is in making them for a year only. Many 

 friendly societies having ended in disappoint- 

 consequence of want of right calculations, or 

 lagement, or peculation of the funds, 

 classes have contracted the notion that t 

 safety in a yearly term. The immediate pay- 

 ealso less than in a well- constituted ft' " 

 Yearly societies, as they are called, i 

 i with some individual, often the keepe 



of the originator of the scheme, by way ol 

 objects are generally three-fold— namely, a fund i 

 sickness and funeral expenses, a deposit fnnd, and 

 loan bank. Towards the first, there is perhaps 

 weekly payment of 2d., or more if necessary, togeth 

 with the interest arising from the loan of the money 

 the members. Towards the deposit fund there is 



.:. i ig generally fro 

 lations being received back 

 The money deposited is emp] 

 such of the members as desi 



society closes. 





It is also essential 

 o take in a person 



equSle! ^BtMovthZil^^^J^i 



■ 



orm with it as an enduring one, beoH^ih 8 

 i expressly to make provision at one periodS 

 ontingencies which may arise at anoth 



short, to endow old age. By a yearlyiS!*^ ? 



society is concerned ; but the proper&i^'"^ 1 

 eDJ05 ZreS?rftoJJ5; 



e ^uSuedhlL; 



id health oi 



tion, is unjust to those members who in bb. 

 because he is obviously more likely to be » T2 

 burthen to the funds. Here, as in life-iSJ 



showing that they are of sound constitute '"^ 

 enjoyment of good health. And it may bi 

 no benefits until after the member has I 



when they are hale and well, instead of j 

 step until they have a pressing need f 

 when their endeavour to get into a t 



Government has thought proper to interfere wi a 

 aid in the formation of friendly societies, though a 

 compulsorily. An association of persons forming ■, 



ciples, and also entitles itself to deposit far 



than %Jto. 10rf! P OT V «™ 6 per 8 !SC a by Saba* 

 the proposed rules to the barrister appointed to eenf; 



sanction of government, tables have been" foraediji 



.v_-.,:v. v.- ■ . ■ :■.....- . 



of the National Debt, for the guidance of ttai; 



societies ; and these are easily to b< ' 



quite inexcusable to proceed upon r 



/,.;.., 



! 



Ireland should be encouraged and "W*^ 

 cannot but express regret that your ""^r™ 

 « Cantium " should have brought forward u «rg» 

 that poor rates are a bar to profitable tang- 

 Ireland ; that fact being a solution of Mr. Hg 

 Davis's system, of 24 farms m Ireland Iwj J^ 



be well that your readers should be l^ toc< f^ 9 , 



whfn*he wrote hfaletter^o^TsSmtS^^ 

 there is a parish in England wh t 



, : ,:■■■::.:. ■ ■ 



Davis did not forget the poor r 

 imagine that the peasants on tkv 

 parish, must eat whether they be w efoUy emp 

 not. If unemployed they would " e J^ 

 sunk in the shape of poor rates If ag^ 

 capital invested in remunerative labour. "T ^ 



,:;..: •- ::■■ ■ 



■:■ 



and security against outrage, and J^L,*!** 

 ; the Irish peasant may e^ n 



an equality of payments for all ages, and the yearly 

 The youth of 15, who is not liable to half 

 nuch aa the i 



-: :■■■■■■■ - ■ ':;.■::. 

 :.■■■:■■'•- ■.■■■■ : -^ : - ■.;:■■ 



cious by the addition of ^ ",*«■«• *jj5? 



in it. I showed also ^^^ by *• ^ 

 «h„«ti in the returns, wouia o» 



