THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



rown up into' a heap about 2 or 3 yards wide at 

 strength of 



[ have it put in large heaps, say a 



history of my little farm, with a Dr. and Cr. accoun 

 agreeable to your pages. [Many thanks.] J.O. Willr, 

 Bradwell Wharf, near Wolverton Station, Bucks.- 



v I. 

 ond 



and have been fortunate enough to 



the best conducted among the farms where each system 



arrived is certainly much in favour of the dung. 

 boxes. Probably the opinion of a mere amat< 



, ,. Xi i,i 



" .v. - ' t 



becomes a matter for matured consideration — what i 

 the principles and elements of which it is compose 

 Farming of the first order consists in arable culti 

 only : the nearer it can approach to horticultur 



what an immensity of produce is derived from 



The principles remain the same En 



art takes a more enlarged scope. To the green 



a variety of useful implements. Of the two, ther 

 agriculture, as an art, is more comprehensive ; an< 

 practice, is more perfect and may be made mor< 

 ductive. No one who has at all considered tt 

 abundant production of the green crop system, tl 



placing arable land of infinitely more value than Gras 

 can possibly be. Some excellent articles in the Roy 

 Agricultural Society's Journal have determined tl 



year ; Mr. M f Arthur talks of going for 60 to 100 to 

 urnips on an acre. This may appear wild a 

 vagant, but we should not denounce as hopek 

 impracticable whatever does not come under t 



performances. In many parts of the kingdom the 

 average amount of Wheat grown on an acre does not 

 exceed 20 bushels. There can be no reason why, under 



at as soon as the muck is heaped t 



dung is cut out, and hence I think comes to him the 



. certain width and length and depth 

 contain more than it could possibly hold in meas 



[ding dry bedding, to soak up the urine and 

 droppings till the back of the bullock comes incon- 

 veniently close to the ceiling of the box, and the front 

 door being then opened, the muck appears as a solid 

 cake of well-trodden manure, compact, and conse- 

 quently easy of carriage, and from the very small 

 amount of surface exposed to the air very little ammo- 

 nia escapes, having much the appearance in point of 

 compactness of a truss of hay, fresh cut. 



of the soil by deep and frequent stirring, by uprooting 



every weed as soon as possible after its appearance, by 



ohing as well as stimulating 



>o strong reducing it, if too weak strengt '. 



of high farming, will better the condition of the tenant 

 as well as that of his landlord. In manv cases the 



cj before a bright 



Practice with Sciew*.— High farming, with all its 

 different processes, combinations, and requirements, 

 comprehends an enlarged system of agricn 



analysis, "we should see?as it ksUted inthe "Tew 

 Husbandry," p. 41, that the whole of it consists in the 

 following operations. 1 . Carrying off superfluous water 

 by means of effectual draining ; 2. Returning through 

 the medium of manures the exhaustion caused by 

 continual cropping ; 3. Eradicating noxious weeds, that 

 the strength of the manure may be thrown into the 

 crop and not into the weeds ; 4. Deep stirring and 

 pulverising the soil, that the roots may better draw 

 their sustenance from it, and that surface water may 

 descend more easily into the drains. The first step 

 m questionably draining— witk- 

 the stiff days of No^n^ahtaorX 

 of Norfolk. But if anyone is to supper 

 alone wril do everything for him, he will find himself 

 wori^and fouSSo nbg " ° nly like the g round " 



tillage and the application ofTanure. 1 1 



Jai£a7d y°et C heTdes S S e l^J^^il 

 Why should he or any other Sr^ 1 ^ 

 to do what a tradesman would lan^T ♦ *"*■ * 



.irucS? J?* 



lis begins to get a little the worse for wear tw!! 



«- turned off to seek a livelihood from chance rap^W 



as wages during the earlier period of their Urn W 



id barely sufficient to preserve existence, wiSwfc 



ss possibility of laying anything by. It is said the low* 



le orders are improvident, which is no doubt true • bat 



lr we must in a great measure blame the upper daaej 



mtirely trom his going on upc 

 •t-sighted system, which must 



on to a loss. Money, they say, begets money ; 



le same way poverty begets poverty. He who 



i makes a farm poor ; vice versa, a poor farm 



ligh farming. There are many estates still 



d upon the old plan, with ploughed land un- 



drained, doing little more than bringing back the cost 

 of the working of the land and the seed put into the 

 ground ; the Grass fields yielding scarcely any crop, 

 and these only cut to be broken up, because the farmer 

 is too poor to work them to advantage, 

 might be made most profitable, and by judi 

 ment going forward, the landlord would, 



y landlords there still are, worthy scions of 

 the old school, who, when any account is related of the 

 results of high farming, deem it all a mere hyperbole, 

 or the chimera of a heated imagination ; but let these 

 peruse the best publications of modern agrk 



i convinced, let them go and inspect some of 



id farms in the Eas* 



farm or Mr. Davis's Spri 



Mr. Mechi's Tiptree-hall 



The > .i,i,' Reiatif.n e listing between Fan 

 Labourer rests on a sandy foundation, and is L au >* . 



be severed by every change in the market of the supply temaf 



of able-bodied men, all anxious to obtain employment, vital i 



and ready to engage on the lowest terms-but as I tural 



have before asserted, it is not always the wisest plan to table, 



screw your purse too closely in regard to wages. It is a vict 



3 cannot act honestly ; I do not mean to say that he 



ill plunder, but he will feel 



to his employer, and he will of necessity neglect his Tl 



work, and justify his conduct to himself by saying, "I to 



work according to my wages. My master values my a<3 



services at a cheap rate, he cannot expect me to do pi 



more than he pays me for." A man cannot be blamed co 



* thus reasoning. In buying an article in a shop we by 



ire is fine we Ian 



f carrying a heavy load, he costs more, and we look 



» oi every de,< 

 anticipate money's worth. Can we wish for a different for 

 code of rules, in treating with a labourer for his strength So 



the term « upper cl„~.~~, 



who are considered gentlemen by birth and educate, 



earn their daily bread by constant manual labour. Thii 

 charge may appear rather sweeping and harsh ;how. 

 ever, when we come to analyse it, there will be probably 



comprehend the very essence of our I •■ a 



one lesson we learn from our earliest years, and i 



iree or four lines of the answer r2 



ds my neighbour is to love him as myself, and to 

 uu unto all men as I would they should do unto me,' 



practically carry this out to the best of my power! If 

 'hose persons who are now blessed with more Una 



y their own extravagance, to be reduced to penury and 

 ■ant, they would naturally desire substantial assstaw 



; 

 ime compassion upon others they would wish for Vneuv 



^ Improve/ Management of Landed {"J^T* 



usiness or calling of a landlord has not been caltrop 

 .-■ ' 



f attaining. It is an axiom in in 1 



o calling, under a monopoly, can advance to uiai p- 

 fection it will reach under free competition .Jj 

 proper business of a landlord is not in farming nra*-, 



possible degree through his tenantry. Hl3 *T^?! 

 his proper industrial agents. As a general ^* 

 only work to good and gainful ; 

 instrumentality ; and as they are P? 88 ^ ^feo* 

 .-. 



and the value of his property be mcreas< ~ , ffic «s 

 lord problem then is— "What are tte ""V^ 

 means of Tenant-improvement ? '^"L^In- 



deavouring to solve] this problem, it has > J^t* 

 idersigned that tenant, as well as lanowru- rf 

 snt, could be immeasurably forwar- 

 ailing himself properly of the prmc ipfc* ^ ^ 

 the desire to excel in competition mp** ^ 



ie pursuit with en.. 

 „ .—g V^w-^lJ^tZirnWPir. 



-. 



d perhaps by sweepsta 

 lile, again, the landlords ™ e * cn teDM t.imp««S5 

 te in superiority of tena a wv» f* rm ' S Z^d 



shire competition, and by -the ,**>* ^ nte-g 

 ,u P on their farms There is fi 



