THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



,iling of water, the pot being d 



S of this substance upon glass. From what is 



your flowers are in bloom, obtain half 



£n of the comparative uniformity in composition of 





v be inferred that if fluorine be 



this in your macerating pot, and place 



*ent in the waters of the Firths of Forth and Clyde, 





io the German Ocean, it will be found universally 



that it will keep hot : into the fat th 



■sent in the sea. Mr. Middleton, before 1846, came 



flowers as you can, and there let the 



he conclusion that fluorine must be present in sea 





ler, since it occurred, as he had ascertained, in 



flowers and add fresh ones ; repeat this 



ojeons corals brought to America by the United States 

 expedition from the Antarctic Seas. The author has 

 found fluorine abundantly present in the teeth of the 



Oeean ; and it seems so invariably to associate itself 

 with phosphate of lime, that it may be expected to occur 

 in the bones of all animals marine and terrestrial. The 

 inthor has found fluorine likewise in kelp from the 

 Sbetlands, but much less distinctly than he anticipated. 

 Glass plates were only corroded so far as to show marks 



^analysing the ashes of specimens of the Sea Pink 

 (Statice Armeria), which had grown close to the sea- 



in a paper in the « Transactions of the Royal Society o 

 Edinburgh," vol. xvi., part 7, and in a communica 

 tionmade to the Association at its Southampton meet 



Cochlearia Anglica, in specimens of which, obtaine< 

 from the Bass Rock, and analysed in Dr. Wilson'i 

 laboratory, Dr. Voelcker has also detected this element 



illustration of this communication.— Prof. Forschammei 



amined sea water from near Copenhagen, and fount 

 fluorine in every instance. He had also examined mani 



waters from springs 



ON THE ODOURS OF PLANTS, AND THE MODES 



OF OBTAINING THEM. 



Eoustine, or Sweet Briar, notwithstanding what 



does not find a place in the perfumer s vocabulary except 



does not repay the labour of collecting its odour ; the 

 fragrant part of this plant is destroyed more or less 



the public, a species of fraud is practised upon them by 

 mutating it thus :— 1 pint each, or, we might say, equal 

 £rts, by measure, of spirituous essence of Rose, 

 Nwoli, Cassie, and Lemon Grass. This we know is 

 Mid at many of the shops in Paris, and gives great 



Elder {Sambucus nigra).— Tim perfume may be 

 obtained by any of the processes before described, none 



the only marketable article is Elder-flower water, and 

 to so-called " Milk of Elder-flowers," made by Rigge, 

 « London, and other perfumers of note. For the 

 former preparation, the flowers should be carefully 

 P'cked and freed from stalk ; a certain weight, say 



nsed » 'and, when bottled, is ready for sale. It is 



the same way as Roses (see 

 J} the « water " drawn from time to time, act 

 *> the consumption. Although the oil of Elder 

 J™ by perfumers, we think it would not be 

 inuct to some bouquets, in minute proportions 



he Rose-leaf species yields an* 



£*!*>* 5 as there can be no true essen 

 **» the plant it has no other application. 



Heliotrope —Fine as the odour of this 

 r** B t has no application (except in 1 

 *** I this we think "ther a singular i 



«« perfume is powerful and the flow 

 £.' ?• *ould » k « to hear of some 



The cold pommade 



lould be chopped small and covered with ] 

 spirit': wii! yield, if left to digest for a few days, " Ex 





t there are 'to spare ; indeed by having the vessel f 











enjoyment the flowers are ge 1 











jefore them. When my lord and n 





are away from home, how many flov 













And waste.! 





















-,::,.;; l.V 



bered that fine essences for the han 





20s. per pint, and the best scented pommades fe 







The odour of Heliotrope resembles a mix 



Almonds aud Vauilla, and is well im 





Spirituous extract of Vamlla . 

















A preparation of this kind, under 





trait de Heliotrope," is that which 





the shops of Paris and London. 





What the poet Cowper here says is quite true, never- 

 eless it is a flower that is not used in practical per- 

 fumery at present. The experiments suggested above 

 for Heliotrope and Millefleur (or Thousand Flowers) 

 lso applicable to this, as also to the Hawthorn. A 

 good imitation of Honeysuckle is made thus— 1 pim 

 — *■ f extract of Rose, Violet, and Tuberose, $ pint ol 

 ; of Vanilla and Tolu, 10 drops of oil of Neroli 

 and 5 drops of essence of Almonds. 



heat is applied in any of the operations for procuri 

 it. The method for obtaining it is that which we spo 

 of under Absorption, and to which the French apply t 

 term enfteurage, namely, that of spreading a mixti 



Lmonly sold by the h 

 mine Pomatum ; th< 



bouquets, especially those whicl 

 The oil of Ben, impregnated as a 



Jasmin, and is much used for dr< 

 hair, curls, wigs, &c. P. 



- DISEASES OF PLANTS. 

 Gi-m-sX.; vnc*pccic*. Albugo.— From Ju 

 itter end of September, and sometimes, w 



ties of some plants are 

 kind of wool, preciseh 



everal plants of the Gourd tribe, and on some others, 

 lore especially in valleys where there is much hu- 



' 





Considerations derived from 1 



operation with fresh flowers — the 

 e odour. Oils strongly imj 

 are also prepared much in 



and allowed t 

 or three weeks, when fresh flowers are added, and 

 the old ones removed: this operation is repeated 

 from three to five times. Fine Olive oil is used for the 

 purpose, but more frequently, by the French manu- 

 facturers, oil of Ben, which is quite inodorous ; it is 

 procured from a kind of seed, of the Monnga aptera,_an 

 Arabian tree, by expression. By pouring proof spin t 

 above, in the proportion of about 3 lbs. of the latter to a 



originally produced by a subtraction of caloric, which, 

 by weakening the plant, prevents it from properly dis- 



jroduce the usual I 



summers. 5. Plants which in the evening have shown 



no symptoms whatever of the disease, have appeared 



I d orning covered with albugo. 6. It ap- 



very coldest hour. 7, lastly. Plauts growing along the 

 most banks of lagoons, fish-ponds, aud o: 



weakness occasioned by a privation of caloric. No one 



Mt that a plant may be less 



bj -his agent in one part than in another. 



It has been observed that when a tree is affected by 



happens in autumn it is much more dangerous. Herba- 

 ceous plants generally perish from it ; at least as far 



- rved, when the disease is general, no iu- 



i en its former vigour. 

 ver, a portion only of the individual is 



I % safe and prompt remedy to prune it 

 down to the sound part. The ground must then be 

 well worked around, and moderately watered. This 





performed " Extract of Jasmin " is procured, the spirit : ;n a 1 cauteries. On the root 



weeks or a month before it is drawn off; the pommade j Into this ^"^J^"™^ ^ Wt ™ te u^l^to 

 daily. A small quantity of " ivtl witn gome n t- Elre, 7 



called French Jasmin pommad 24 hours the wood is examined, and from the edges a 



washed lard and suet, then melted and beaten up with j quantity of sap, more or less dense, will have exuded ; 

 a whisk, so as to make it light, and of greater bulk, is this must be wiped off with a bit of cloth. If the wedg« 



