THE GARDENERS' CHRONICLE. 



The experiment would 



putants respecting 

 shallow draining v 



L trial will show whether \ 



;r that has been raised. The dis- 

 j the relative value of deep and 

 j would thus, and " 

 : differences in a manner satisfactory 

 lo the public. For the present we vote for the deepest 

 draining ; the proposed *- i - 1 - 



are right. 



Orra readers will probably 

 published a few weeks since some figures of corroded 

 leaves which appeared to have been bored full of 

 boms by insects, and which such witnesses as were 

 produced in the late trial concerning the Walton 

 alkali works would of course have sworn were so 

 pierced. A friend, whose attention was drawn to 

 the subject by the remarks then made, has just sent 

 »s some leaves in exactly the same state, pierced 

 by the oxide of lead from a refining 

 istant a few hundred yards from their 

 3 falling 



ie neighbourhood of all 

 works from whose chimneys acrid vapour is allowed 



(Yponomei 

 padus), the 



} genus belongs (Mr. 



•f British Tineida* and 



VILLA AND SUBURBAN 



I take it for granted 

 y advice which I have deemed it jud 

 een acted upon. Those who may be f 

 igh. to possess frames, pits, and other glass structures, 

 e the means of security in their own hands, not s 

 ther ; and this I fear is the mos 



chapter, which may be termed a chapter of expedients. 

 Do not become down-hearted because the winter i 

 at hand, and your tender plants are every night appa- 

 rently doomed to destruction. Let your cellars and 



i not to be despised 



nary weather. When eev 

 duration, greater care and 

 necessary. It is seldom 



occasion expose the plants to sunlight, if they are 

 i ; on the contrary, let them gradually thaw in 

 irk, and only expose them by degrees. By these 

 ations being strictly attended to, Pelargoniums 

 [1 the principal flower-garden plants may be pre- 

 i through the wir. 



t foliage a 



^ ENTOMOLOGY. 



There are no species of insects more injurious t< 



Nothing is more c( 



with what is generally termed biigtit, 



•effects of the attacks ot a !•: 

 belonging to the order Lepidoptera, and consequently 

 les. The young 

 shoots are enveloped in thick webs ; their leaves more or 

 less gnawed or sometimes entirely devoured, and what 

 remains looks • .he midst of the 



jokwred caterpillars 'covered with black"; 

 *he alightest disturbance let themselves down to the 

 nd which they spin from the 



Whitethorn hedges have been 

 aterpillars Bpin 



the Apple. In the most recei 



the family Tineidse, to which t 



Stainton's « Systematic Catalogue 



Pterophoridre," March 1849), seven species are intro 



duced into the genus, including — Padella of mos 



authors (changed by Zeller, in the " Isis" for 1844, t< 



* 'rich feeds on the Sloe and Whitethorn , 



on the Apple ; Cognatella 



of most authors, Euonymi of Zeller, which feeds 



on Euonymus Europseus ; and Euonymella of most 



[1 of Zeller, which feeds on Prunus pa- 



•iliiton adding the following no* . 



ted ia naming it as a distinct species without further 

 xamination of its larva and pupa. Last summer it 

 warmed on Apple trees in the Kent-road." 



The specimens of Yponomeuta Main : i lis > hi 

 lave reared from the Apple, in our garden at Hammer- 

 minute black dots, whilst the cocoon is equally different 

 from that of the Whitethorn species, being al 

 so opaque that it is : — — ~~ : 

 chrysalis ; they are 



Sed.° 6IlaUr Slze,aSWe aS ecaer P ma « 



1 be at once perceived 



develope themselves. Qui 

 Me-neville, who is now occupied in France, und 

 *, commission, in investigating the habi 



ii u.-i to cultivators, has just published i 



with Y. padella), which 



Theinhabi 

 malady appears 



worthy attention f 







ing ignorant o: 



sApjl,! 



Sure of the enemies of 1 

 to give them sufficient 

 language an 



liiid r t.i!..i 



that they easily 

 hen they a°re is 



.[a";,;; 1 



when the moths, which are* »M&* , !T* k *** * *3 

 fall into the sheet, and 21^' m « •lag 8 J L *J 



which would otherwff^C'lH^AS 

 colonies of caterpillars inTe fZZl " aot ^ 

 this species whose history in the earl ! 8eas °^ lu 

 by Mr. Lewis (in the 1st volume of t^^^ti 

 the Entomological Society), as noti«!i T - r * ns, «^ 

 article on the Lettuce aphis. m on » ft* 



We have observed that this sn^;^ • , 

 by a very minute Hymenopterou?^^^^ ** 

 the genus Encyrtus, such numbers oX^iongh, * 



proper form. J, O. W. ^ M to »*»■ * 



.. DISEASES^rpLANTS 

 .S^HlinfmS^^ 



)d where Ufa fouIdtSftSS! 





ste 8 m n iV _ 



of wood, of an inferior quality, that it exists th^ 

 frequently. It is more especially common in Hm2 

 Poplar wood. Dubamel asserts he found it mew 

 He attributes it to the frost of 1709. It appears to» 

 that a little attention in investigating the matter toil 

 show that it depends necessarily on some debility of & 

 machine. The frost had disturbed and suspended & 

 vital functions precisely in that part which by not bom 

 yet matured was more likely to suffer. And as Nato, 



; XVI 1. ; one ,; 



ee9 but on those that may he foun 



seam corresponds a fissure in I 



or less depth. Frost is supposed to occasio 



for which there is no remedy. The diseases 



exposures, but more frequently in moist pi 



e have. Trees planted in 



xtun ■■' tli ir fibres weak 



ss substance than in dry situations, r'oi 



ason,resinous trees are those which resist fin 



., %. 3 \\l I -C^cimnx,' or fungous e. 



It is certuiu that trees growing in marsh 



idated during a part of the year, are subjec 





/• ir.-l species. Superficial CAKCI *°*YtoeVumccr * 



only is tte ^J^j/^i'.JiaBC situate 



frequent examples of it. ^ ..._.... 



pedes. Concealed Ca i 



xternally. The bark, however, c« {$ 



tirel^andisofa/n ■« ar '• lL / 



, . • ..- . : . • 



>t sufficient forth 

 gory, or a principal cause jounng* 1 ^ SOI ne *!**'■ 

 naturally love a wi t 



gSunKy 



killed by the a- 



■everal years. When full grow 



Iheir jsocoons^ within the web which they 



i transformed to chrysalidsj 



e moth appearing ii 



J about the end of 



'"IT'y | iTthis wet is 



u appearg U, us also by no means difficult to destroy 

 the perfect insects as soon as they have 

 appearance, and before they have depoi 

 The general simultaneous appearance 



spicuous appearance of the moths, will r 





i W.. i u«vi;e- 



