42-1849.] THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



mjfon in the face, and acts as a clear-headed, stout- 

 Wtod yeoman should act. He will not 

 ^Mtk to the legislature, or to the landlord ; he will 

 Jgitonee t! : - nur can be ob- 



teined from either; but he will overhan 





eeonomising cost, and increasing results, i 

 oents of other agriculturists have firmly < 

 To bim it will be a satisfaction to r< 

 dmpuess of food will immensely increase 



■'•' ■".'- '•'•■'■ 



e*mtry increases the sources of future production 

 boe, and diminishes them in equal degree abroad. He 

 wfll begin to perceive that agriculture may yet flourish, 

 Hitnever flourished before,and will lament that through 

 I mistaken, though perfectly natural feeling, so many 

 of his brethren of the plough, sacrificing the substance 

 to delusive shadows, should allow themselves to sink 

 into poverty and despair. P. 



AUCHNESS FARM. 

 A first perusal of Mr. Caird's pamphlet, entitled 

 •High Farming, under Liberal Covenants, the best 

 Sabitirate for Protection," produced in the minds of 



wtera ability and honesty of purpose, and also to the 

 pnetical skill of the gentleman whose farming operations 

 fain the theme of remark. A more minute analysis 



is Farm by Mr 



M'Uouall, to dram land, build commodious steadim 

 and rest satisfied with only 20s. per acre, the great 

 part, 12*., of which is required to pay the interest 

 Dermanent improvements. 



Some critics of Mr. Caird's pamphlet have decried its 

 ibl.cat.on as being calculated to excite extravagant 

 eas of the valueof land, »"^ •»" 



>ws that not only must the landlords 

 freely in supplying the ready means 

 mproving the land, but they must also 



of the 



lU '": u "J '"" luo «» » ie case ne nas citea to illustrate 



-. 

 rmers eenerallv. What we want is an authentic 

 r paying a 



ing also that his landlord supplies ** 

 modation for fee i- 



I it to consist of 54 grains oi 

 morgan.c matter. The organ 

 nitrogen, «*<di , ent of ^ 



rith traS of 

 phosphate of In "***• ot 



It IbouE' K * \ r W M l ■° 005 *' 



carbonic acid, *nd S^wnlV'oT the^l^wli 



IMS of magnesia, potash, and 



v the amount 



•:, ■■ ■ ■. 





} ■■. nil Sl:< lit 



cess do n< 

 reduction of 



sent improvements made by the ■'■ 



qotkfy the case from being admitted as a proper illus- 

 nation of the principle which Mr. Caird wishes to es- 

 tablish. That high farming is the farmer's best safe- 

 turd eventually, not only against the effects of foreign 

 gainst the many contingencies of a 



eral acceptance, 

 ; it is in fact the 



1 had become bard, we find 

 greater depth of soil, a 

 This is just what we 



hmp^ofte/^Vnotlrs- experiments. Mr. Sanday and 



1 expenditure, ii • .each ounce of wh.cl 



inednnimnaired. 1 I " rams of <* U - T "» 8 *>™e ' 



grown on most farms, a very considerable Bum would S 

 disappear from the bright side of the ledger ; and « 1 re JJ 



heap, another sum of not less than 60/. would require e * 

 si sate- t0 rank M n of the land is to 



pud eventually, not only against the effects of foreign be maintained unimpaired. The recommendation to grow 



een crops largely is sound, but ■ «'»i a strong son. 



jbmgeml climate, is a truth that sooner or later will I than one-half consisting of Potatoes, it can scarcely be hqmd as l \^ ed ** m f h th « tube8 was coll <** 

 face itself into general acceptance, and both be be- i cal]ed cavilling to say that while this mode of er ■ nrst experiment 



lrilUrp"ntTh! d °" ' I Le ■ f ° U n n n d P r ° fitabl ° at Auchnesa, it woi ISf'ti rainiofe 



nips are only worth 3*. 6rf. 'to 4*. per thsSEeT Z "'. 37$ 



rer, consume" them how he may, it fo 

 pal part of farm expenditure falls 

 paia Dy tne corn crops, and hence it is that any r« 

 tion of the price of -grain comes to be so severely 

 If Mr. Caird would, in any subsequent edition o 



idduced in illustration. In justice to him, however, it 

 ■ant be frankly conceded that he has nowhere attempted 

 to conceal facts necessary to be known, and at the same 

 June he has not, in applying these to farmers generally, 

 sade sufficent allowance for the singularity of the 

 e* upon which his argument is grounded, and thus un- 

 2tovera f supplied a most formidable weapon to 

 gi/tatedT/ffr^^ 



actt : Auchnesa farm, consisting of 260 acres, is let by 

 £ proprietor, Colonel M'Douall, to his own factor. Mr. 



Saw 1 at 262/ '-° f yearly rent ' beiDg *" advance of 



Jr drainage A new steading has been built by fcTSnd- 

 S r? mterest on the cost of which falls to be de- 

 nted from the rent. No data, further than a plan of 

 J* offices, are given to indicate the cost of thesebuM- 

 ■P. wt, judging from their extent, the outlay cannot 



ffiZL 16 " 8 than lmL > which at 7 * P er cent - build - 



«J»terest, amounts to 112/. 10.. This sum added to the 

 JJJuent charge, 48/. for drainage, and both deducted 

 JJAe present rent, leaves as the landlord's share of 

 B.nowf,; m Y^I i \ 10s - ? T scar ? el y 8 *» P er . ac f e - . L et 



» Fl ,«««l by way w 

 Id tlJc 7 , » t0 the P resen * position of other farmers. 

 Kd^?ch Ce M '9 u . llocb - P^ ?0*. per acre for | 



case which all feel can never beTheirs? J^H. "^ 



A FEW WORDS ON DEEP DRAINING. 



So much depends upon the physical texture of soils, 

 id their position, that I believe it will be found impos- 

 lie to lay down any fixed rule, which shall apply tc 

 I lands, as to the depth at which drains should bt 

 d. There are, however, certain fixed principles upon 

 lich drainage depends ; these being known, I imagine 

 e rest should be left to individual judgment Ii 

 nnot be gainsaid that the depth of the Boil, other 

 ings being equal, has in every way to do with its fer- 

 ity. In every case the first step towards attaining 



imal and vegetable matters decompose rapidly ; water 

 passes through them as through a sieve. Such soils 

 should obviously be manured frequently, rather 

 -Mndantly at one time ; a" A mM 

 remedy such an evil 



_ «(-<— 





•AeterVT' 11 . 1 til03e saIts whwh we find in a11 fertue «»fo» 



*ith g«. a »: j p n . This vegetable earth being mixed and which are so necessary to the healthy develop- 

 * Wfi? f ferm-jard dung, yields a grand total ment of the plant, are soluble in water, and contained 

 ***o«i of manure annually upon a farm of only ; in comparatively but small quantities. The natural 

 ^Sttland »Ji ex *ent I Where is there another farm in '' tendency of all soils is to become poorer in these con- 

 *«-per a S 8S1 M g such advantages, at a rent of only stituents ; the continuance of them is dependent upon 



ii win De seen mat uie nun ounce contains nearly 

 by 1 grain more salt than the original brine. The second 

 in deptb. 



depth! * eXperUnent waa made Wlth a BoU 2 * feet m 



These experiments clearly prove the advantage of a 

 deep over a shallow drain. They show how much 



drained soils ; but they show likewise that no system 



. prevent waste. Of one fact we may be 



well assured ; not only does a deep soil naturally afford 



is far more likely to reap the benefits arising from 

 re-obtaining most of those 

 his crops which are so easily removed by rains 

 1 shallow-drained soil. Albert James Bernays, 



Home Correspondence. 



f Mr." Martin Do; 



1 other Irish 



.:■- 

 look in any English or Welsh provincial paper, let 

 them enquire . 4 will find that 



there are farms enough to be let in England and 



1^ CJLa bring capital to work them. 



English farmers, they will not go 

 there, one here and one there, but in numbers, on the 



determined, if legally called upon, to use the former as 

 he latter. A man will not go by himself 

 a people who have yet to learn the very 



