THE AGRICULTURAL GAZETTE. 



[0. T 



i the poor whatever advantages 

 te in a cheap loaf. Assuming as the price 

 of Wheat an offer of 5*. per bushel made by a firm of 

 millers in Cambridge to an 



allowing the • offal ' for the cost of grinding, a sack of 

 flour (made from 6 bushels of Wheat) was 

 stand the millers 30s., and they were th : 



a iras a hard case upon the poor, still worse 



they are now placed in. Wheat is lower : 



instead of 5s. a bushel, As. may be taken as nearer the 



mark ; and at this rate a sack of flour will be produced 



for 24s. at the utmost. The retail price I 





dies the labourer's table. This is a 

 nly calls for explanation. There n 

 •ery wrong in a state of thingo w 

 •ong can be permitted to exist.— Car, 



■ 



Climate , 

 «R.T.,nearGarstang,"r 

 tion of rural life in Fran 



remake' t 



j and secoi 

 of their fi- 

 lls or join! 



passing it through a riddle." If the threatened quizzing 

 bad been harmless as these practices, I need not have 

 .sheltered myself under the " stern" injunctions to im- 

 provement so powerfully enforced in your able appeals 



tion so calarn'' 

 public prayer 



uess as developed by invested capital and th< 

 of the tenant to make the most of if. To brir-t 



^d, laid out, fenced, intersected with roads, pro 



with buildings, drained, and brought into con 



, These are matters that the landlord must 



3 first instance, do to place his property ii 



>n to be made use of by a tenant; anc 



e extent and perfection of these works wil 



f depend its usefulness and value. Were the im 



ice of these preparatory works in adding to th< 



Ing the eligibility of land as ! 



ty better understood, much additional capita 



be inveslcd by landowners, not in adding to th< 



of their estates, but rather in effecting tho:< 



cements that are so essential to high cultivation 



"the difference in the farming and in the rents paic 



in different districts throughout Britain be contrasted 



both the amount of produce raised and rents paid wil 



generally be found to have greater reference t< 



the useful condition of the farms, as developed by th< 



hazarded, w 



such distric 

 Holkham € 



r dry weather ; and, dry weather, h 

 8, was so prolonged as to be productiv 

 Nevertheless an inquiry might b 



mplaint of the cli 



for the purposes of the farmer, or an insurmountable 

 obstacle to his profitable competition with the foreigner. 

 The period, too, chosen for threshing would imply (as 

 they say is the practice) that the "met 

 look sharp after returning his seed Wheat lent him by 

 4he landlord. Corne's chaff cutter would have been of 

 no use to the party, but Hornsby or Cooch would evi- 

 dently have been an acquisition to his dv< - 

 tus. It would be acceptable to have more particulars 

 adduced of meteorological phenomena, ai 

 of operations in France, and be informed if it is the 

 fashion there to sow Wheat during wet « i 

 ever " winter proud," or if more than six weeks elapse 

 from "earing to shearing," as some p 



"well up." Wheat ripened very slowly during the 

 present season ; in threshing it proves to be heavy and 



reported as sustained by the crc 



'., Peterborough. 



-i ■; f r Wheat.— The practice < 



practical farmei 

 ressed conditioi 

 aeans of remedy 

 knowledge of principle 



most economical plan of applying the manure for 

 Wheat crop, that I shall trouble you with a few 

 marks. Being in conversa 



of agriculture, and the mo 



I mentioned the value ol 



upon which practice is founded, and as an 



the benefit which would accrue from a good scientific 



- often as much as four or five weeks 

 bing in, and leaving it exposed to the effects 



i : ember, and often August), which loss 





raluable ingredi 

 , but said that f 





iof although win 

 may be absorbed 



• r'-v ' 

 subject, would you, or any of your pnM 



i the medium of the Agricultural Ga> 

 id that muck is the mother of m 



-,, Fentrcltla^e^a^XewbuTy, Be 







The rent of the cultivated land of ] 



rates and tithe, may be said> range from 15s. to 50s., 



and the gross returns from 41. to 14?. an acre per 



annum ; the tenant's capital being from 5/. to 15/. an 



acre. Although the returns differ so much, we shall 



rarely find evidence from the growthof the t: 



weeds, and other natural dp 



account for the great differences in the 

 turns; and in many instances it will be 

 difficult to say whether or not the larger produce and 

 higher rent be not wholly due to the better con- 

 dition of the farm, the superior skill of the occupier, 

 and the larger amount of capital engaged in the land. 

 farms in the 

 yield the highest rents are told that in 

 :-. ..; - 



of cattle crops, that little stock 

 ce used ; no manure bought, and 



aany parts o ^ 



he land gets little or nc 

 rom stock wholly fed o 





weather, to be trodden into dung by lean stock, and the 



manure lie3 exposed half the year, washed by every 



t Impression will be that soils t 



■ I produce enough to ray ' 



' have to use so differently, to make 

 . for they find it necessary to devote 

 half their farms annually to raising of produce for stock 

 feeding, to be returned to their land, improved by 

 of purchased food of a more enriching 

 quality. They cannot afford any waste of straw, nor the 

 loss of any of. the soluble matter of their manure, and 

 by a system so opposite, they are enabled to give higher 

 rents, and to gain for themselves much larger returns. 

 If we contrast with these the condition of the farmers 

 oflow-rented land, and whose practice we have been 

 instancing, we shall find them compare 

 complaining of the poverty of their land and the difficulty 

 they find in raising enough produce to cover their ex- 

 penses, and they will listen to accounts of stock keeping 

 of the pur- 



keeping of stock, sac^ce unnecess 

 hedge-row timber, reduce the 

 ■ 



and machinery, and establish 





this way may free trade be 



October T^ 5> Frederic *'1* 



The Chartist Land Scheme: Sad Conditi 



■ 'ony.— In a former Herald \ 



that Lingaend and Lowbands Chartist cole 



turned out complete failures, and we now i 



■''■ ' - '■'-■■:. , • '■ 



anything in the 



m'able "to do so, but during 1848 Wo&2?S 

 .bliged them to give 11/. for the houses udTLS 

 tttached, and 15/. for the 3 acre pieces, and the «u! 

 lots we have notkuT£ 



a fixed for t 



other people. The f 



„o ~„v.^. 6 ^ w, ^ »„„, as far as the estate £«! 

 erned, than to look after the others, and see that An 

 o not run away in arrear. His occupation asiteteket 

 »g since been m 



rents; and, indeed, we in »t i 

 of them manage to pay. Taj 

 ■ produce to market-that dw 



Potato crops looked well upon the estate, but of otbs 

 things the produce is scanty, because the ground hi 

 not been manured or properly prepared. The pa 

 creatures, and especially the children, are some of fa 

 very badly off for clothes, and will speedily descend B 

 the level of the most miserable Irish cottiers. Ta 

 clergyman of the parish and some of the neighbounu? 

 very kind to these unfortunate people ; but we behm 

 they feel no gratitude whatever i 

 any others who were the means of inveigling then a 

 Lowbands. As we cannot too thoroughly expose fa 

 utter failure of this most reckless, if not wicked stbega. 

 we insert here the following statement from the M&* 

 in which we entirely concur :-« H» 

 entire failure of Mr. O'Connor's land Echeme may on 

 be considered to bean admitted fact. H«uh»JM 

 losses occasioned by it, and he can only plead that & 

 affair was bond fide, and not fraudulent on his Hftri 

 that he has reaped no pecuniary benefit from .* * « 

 a most edifying ign^^^^'JSSfa* 



of^im^ 



Mr. O'Connor's view °* EU ?V*W wi OT ^ 9 

 projector assures people that if they »iu w 

 much money they shall receive such and I sue hjg 

 tages, the law holds him liable to Bake pw 

 promise, or to take the consequences, vne pat* 

 Sea now set up by Mr. O'Connor is .tseU ttoW 

 condemnation of his project. He says .^ at JlVj'j, 

 liable to make good pecuniary l osse * *LSbe*& 

 scheme from which he has received &*£%&& 



which was to regenerate the whole JjJ^^b 

 secure them profit-nay, wealth-to con_ ^ 

 fact, from a working into a I^P^'.Xeuie* 

 enormous deception. It was not 

 original schemer has been (su F P ■ 

 as much deceived as anyone else. >r 



siderable portion 

 in the buildings, fen 



ing requisite has 



than to the rent, every improvement 



- relief by impri 

 improve the buildings, give g 



i additional sco- 

 nce of produce 1 

 's means, is of th 

 H be in landlords to seek to g 





