77 



Table 2. Showing the Sources, Locality, Vernacular Names, and 



Literature References of Chicle Adulterants and Substitutes 



IN South America and the Far East 



Species 



Coimia utilis 

 Manilkara sp. 

 XMimusops) 

 Manilkara sp. 

 Dyera Lozuii 



D. borneensis 

 D. Costitlata 

 D. laxifolia 



Alstonia Scho- 



laris 

 A. grandiflora 

 A. exiinia 

 Rauwolfia 



Spectabilis 



Locality and Vernacular 

 Family Name 



Apocynaceae Colombia : lirio 

 Sapotaceae Venezuela : pendare 



Sapotaceae British Guiana 



Apocynaceae Sarawak, British Borneo, 

 Sumatra, British Ma- 

 laya : dead Borneo, pon- 

 tianak, gntta jelutong 



Literature and 

 References 



Vander Laan (1927) 

 VanderLaan (1927); 



Pittier (1926) 

 VanderLaan (1927) 

 VanderLaan (1927) ; 

 Heyne (1914) ; Cor- 

 son (1927) ; Pearson 

 (1918) 



Heyne (1914); Van- 

 der Laan (1927) 



The price of such gum is accordingly reduced, and chicleros soon 

 discovered that adulteration is not profitable. 



In these tables are included other laticiferous plants the gum of 

 which is used as substitutes, but which is nonetheless classed as 

 chicle in the countries where it is exported. The source of chicle is 

 less known in northern South America than in Mexico and Central 

 America, and much further study is necessary before definite state- 

 ments can be made with respect to the species of laticiferous plants. 

 According to Hoar (1924), over three million pounds of chicle were 

 imported from Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, and British Guiana 

 annually immediately after the close of the last World War. This 

 quantity dropped considerably after political conditions improved in 

 Mexico and Central America, and according to later chicle import 

 data, it is considerably less. 



According to Pell (1921), the largest amount and best chicle in 

 Colombia comes from the "zapote" tree, but whether this is A. zapota 

 or some other member of the Sapotaceae is uncertain in view of the 

 wide range of trees which bear this vernacular name. Next in amount 



