81 



British and French Guiana, but the exact sources are not well 

 known. In Brazil occurs a species of the Apocynaceae which yields 

 the chicle known locally as Tamanqiteira leiteira. Since Manilkara 

 and other laticiferous trees occur in great abundance here, this chicle 

 is undoubtedly a mixture. Part of the Brazilian exports probably 

 come from the eastern portion of Peru. In British Guiana a species 

 of Manilkara is reported to yield the chicle of commerce. 



Another extensively used substitute is jelutong, which comes 

 from several species of the family Apocynaceae in Borneo, Sumatra, 

 and the Federated Malay States. According to Heyne (1914) and 

 Corson (1927), it is the product of various species, principally 

 Dyera Lowii, D. costiilata, D. laxiflora, D. horneensis, Alstonia 

 scholaris, A. grandiflora, A. eximia, and Rauiuolfia spectabilis. 

 Jelutong, which was formerly known under the names of "dead 

 Borneo," "pontianak," and "gutta jelutong," is a soft pliable gum with 

 a resin content of seventy-five to eighty per cent and rubber varying 

 from nineteen to twenty-four per cent, according to Eaton and Den- 

 nett (1923). It is now being used extensively in the United States 

 for mixing with Achras sapota chicle, and according to Vander Laan 

 the total imports in 1910 reached fifty-two million pounds. Since that 

 time, however, it has dropped considerably, and in 1925 slightly 

 more than fifteen million pounds were imported.^ 



The various regions from which chicle, chicle adulterants, and 

 substitutes have been exported are shown in maps 1 and 2. These 

 maps have been made up chiefly from government and consular re- 

 ports and various articles on chicle, and with the exception of cer- 

 tain parts of Central America do not relate to actual observations in 

 the field by the writer. For this reason these maps will doubtless 

 prove inaccurate in many respects, particularly with reference to the 

 exact regions in which the latex-yielding trees occur, since the ports 

 from which chicle is exported are usually far removed from the 

 source. 



(To be concluded) 



~ Since the invasion of Malaya and the Dutch East Indies by Japan the 

 source of jelutong has been almost completely cut off. 



