23 



principles is necessarily restricted, the theories considered are 

 such as are derivable directly from objective data. There is little 

 or no consideration of theories, no matter how significant, which 

 depend on more philosophical generalization. Thus, emergent evo- 

 lution finds no mention. The terminology is sometimes different 

 from that commonly used in American texts; for example, the 

 word, orthogenesis, is not used, although the principle is considered 

 under the more or less synonymous terms, "trends" and "pro- 

 gramme evolution." 



The text is strongly recommended for library reference and 

 for individual libraries, and also for courses in genetics and evolu- 

 tion when these are given at the upper undergraduate or at graduate 

 levels. 



Keys to the Phyla of Organisms* 



George T. Hastings 



This ambitious little publication arranges in order all of the 

 phyla of plants and animals and those that are neither. Based 

 chiefly on the systems of Bessey and Schafifner for plants, there 

 are included the views of other outstanding authorities in regard to 

 certain groups. The keys are as simple and definite as can be where 

 a sentence or two must be made to characterize an order or phylum. 

 Written for college students of plant morphology they can be 

 easily followed by anyone with a general knowledge of biology and 

 should be interesting and of value to e-veryont interested in the 

 classification of plants and animals. 



In the system of classification two kingdoms below plants 

 (Phyta) and animal (Zooea) are recognized. Monera with two 

 Phyla, the Archaeophyta, a hypothetical group to include the 

 first living particles of primitive life and including viruses and 

 bacteriophages if these are living, and the Schizophyta, including 

 bluegreen algae and bacteria. The second kingdom. Protista, in- 

 cludes the slime molds, algae, fungi, protozoa and sponges. The 

 plant kingdom, Phyta, is divided into nine phyla and the animal 

 kingdom, Zooea, into twenty-one. 



*Keys to the Phyla of Organisms. Fred A. Barkley. 40 pages, paper 

 covers. Associated Student's Store, Missoula, Montana. 1939. $0.75. 



