40 



nunciation is generally used.^ However, the rules for the accent and 

 the length of vowel sounds depend to some extent on the rules for 

 Greek and Latin. Most important is the rule that the accent falls on 

 the next to the last (penult) syllable, if that syllable is long; and if 

 the penult is not long, the accent falls on the previous (antepenult) 

 syllable. 



The penult is long, and therefore accented, in the following suf- 

 fixes : alis, ana, aris, ata, ota, uta, and generally ina. The diphthong 

 se, pronounced like e in cede, is long. 



The penult is short in the following endings, and the accent goes 

 back to the antepenult : ilis, ica, ola, and ula. 



Generally, vowel sounds and consonant values are the same as 

 in English. However, c is sounded like k, except before e, i, and y, 

 where it is sounded like s ; g is sounded Hke j before e, i, and y. 



In the following list of words the accented syllable is indicated 

 by the usual mark. If the letter before it is a consonant, the vowel 

 with it is pronounced short, as in fat, met, sit, lot, and nut ; if the 

 letter before the accent mark is a vowel, that vowel has the long or 

 broad sound, as in fate, mete, site, note and lute. Both the short and 

 the long vowel sound is often modified by the consonants following 

 it, especially in the case of r. Full pronunciation for a few of the 

 more troublesome words has been indicated with the symbols of 

 English dictionaries. 



The writer wishes to acknowledge the assistance of Mr. J. J. Nearing, 

 Dr. A. W. Evans, Mr. C. A. Weatherby and Mrs. Gladys P. Anderson in the 

 preparation of this paper, although in a few instances he has not followed their 

 preferences. 



Alecto'ria aures'cens 



juba'ta cilia'ris 



chalybeiformis (kal-i-bi-for'mis) fahlunen'sis 



sarmento'sa Fend'leri 



Cetra'ria glau'ca 



aleurites (a-lu-ri'tes) hias'cens 



- Lichen students who prefer to use the classic Greek and Latin pronun- 

 ciation should avoid the too common error of a combination of the two meth- 

 ods. Also, it should be remembered that the scientists who adopted or form- 

 ulated the scientific names for plants were not always Greek and Latin 

 scholars. Moreover, most of them were not acquainted with English as a 

 spoken language. How these names would be pronounced in English never 

 occurred to them. Consequently, usage rather than rule has in some cases 

 determined English pronunciation. 



