29 



bubble is precisely the same and central as well as peripheral bubbles in a 

 mass may be studied in three dimensions. The average number of faces of 

 225 peripheral bubbles is 10.98, corresponding closely with the data on periph- 

 eral shot, and with the average of eleven faces found for epidermal cells by 

 Lewis; the average number of faces of 300 central bubbles of a mass is 13.69, 

 approximating the results of Lewis and Marvin on cells, and also the data on 

 the lead shot. No one "type" that is "ideal" or most commonly approached has 

 been found. Pentagonal faces occur most often in the bubbles. 



Contact and pressure systems, illustrated by the lead shot, and surface 

 tension systems, illustrated by bubbles in foam, have marked similarities in 

 shai)e fo cells in undififerentiated tissues. 



Respectfully submitted, 



Clyde Chandler 

 Recording Secretan- 



Minutes of the Meeting of October 1, 1940 



The meeting of the Torrey Botanical Club held at the Brook- 

 lyn Botanic Garden on October 1, 1940, was called to order by the 

 President, Dr. B. O. Dodge, at 8 :30 P.M. 



Fifty-one members and friends were present. 



The minutes of the meeting of May 15 were adopted as read. 



Fourteen candidates were elected to annual membership : Dr. 

 Robert S. Adamson, The University, Capetown, Union of South 

 Africa; Dr. Carrolle E. Anderson, 55 Kilburn Rd., Garden City, 

 L. L, N. Y. ; Dr. Edward J. Backus, Biology Building, University 

 of Wisconsin, Madison, Wis. ; Dr. C. E. B. Bremekamp, Osta- 

 delaan 14, Bilthoven, Netherlands; Miss Katherine Carr, More- 

 head State Teachers College, jMorehead, Ky. ; Dr. Jose Cuatrecasas, 

 Instituto Botanico, Apartado 2535, Bogota, Colombia ; Mr. Julian 

 Francis Detmer, "Edgemont," Tarrytown, N. Y. ; Dr. Hiroshi 

 Hara, Botanical Institute, Faculty of Science, Tokyo Imperial Uni- 

 versity, Tokyo, Japan ; Dr. E. J. Kraus, Department of Botany, 

 University of Chicago, Chicago, 111. ; Mr. Sami Rafei, Department 

 of Botany, Oregon State College, Corvallis, Ore. ; Dr. Harold A. 

 Senn, Division of Botany, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, 

 Ont., Canada ; Dr. x\aron J. Sharp, Department of Botany, Univer- 

 sity of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tenn. ; Miss Sara J. Stewart, 64 Lin- 

 wood Rd., New Rochelle, N.Y. ; and Dr. Nils E. Svedelius, Kyrko- 

 gardsg., 5 A, Uppsala, Sweden. 



Thirteen candidates were elected to associate membership : 

 Miss Anna W. Clark, 719 Madison Ave., Scranton, Pa. ; Mr. 



