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dominant growth is forest. Roughly, this forest covering may be 

 divided into four general types in which the dominant trees are: 

 (1) Chamaecyparis thyoides, (2) red maple, (3) white pine, and 

 (4) oaks. 



The most extensive Chamaecyparis bog in the northeastern 

 section of the Great Swamp was largely cut over in 1927 and 1928. 

 Several rather inaccessible areas were left untouched, so that it is 

 possible to study the original cover as well as the succession since 

 deforestation. A pure stand of Chamaecyparis has a second-story 

 growth made up almost entirely of Rhododendron maximum. These 

 old bushes have in many cases reached a height of twelve to fifteen 

 feet, and grow so thickly tangled that progress through them 

 becomes a scramble through, over, and under the low spreading 

 branches, with a slip into fairly deep sphagnum pockets enlivening 

 the struggle. Inkberry is another prominent undershrub in this 

 habitat. Cinnamon fern, more than head high in late summer, is 

 the most conspicuous ground cover with Chiogenes hispidula rather 

 abundant on the elevated hummocks at the bases of the cedars. 



That portion of the cedar bog which was cut over about thirteen 

 or fourteen years ago is interesting in that the swamp white cedar 

 is succeeding itself. A thick growth of head-high cedar is the domi- 

 nant cover, the only other tree seedlings at all conspicuous being 

 red maple and yellow' birch. Several shrubs are also established, 

 but this shrub growth has a different aspect from that previously 

 described. Rhododendron maximum, Nemopanthus mucronata, and 

 Rhus vernix are as conspicuous here as they are inconspicuous in 

 those areas not succeeding Chamaecyparis. The old slashings are 

 now almost completely covered with sphagnum moss, in places still 

 insufficiently thick to prevent one from breaking through and fall- 

 ing down into a tree top. Calopogon pulchellus, Pogonia ophioglos- 

 soides, Drosera rotundijoUa, Cornus canadensis, Clintonia borealis, 

 Viola hlanda, Coptis trijolia, Hahenaria hlephariglottis, and Sarra- 

 cenia purpurea are some of the herbaceous representatives of the 

 ground cover. 



White pine is an isolated tree throughout the lowlands, and in 

 various areas is the dominant tree growth. Near the cedar bog 

 just described there are several acres in which white pine has 

 apparently succeeded Chamaecyparis. This general area is rather 

 flat with the cedar sparsely scattered in the ditch like gullies from 

 one to two feet lower than the general level occupied by the taller 



