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white pine. Here rhododendron is again the conspicuous under- 

 shrub. This white pine stand has a different aspect from that found 

 on higher, better drained land where the pines grow so thickly that 

 there is practically no undergrowth. The lowland pines have an 

 extensive admixture of broad leaved trees, particularly red maple 

 and yellow birch. The hurricane of the fall of 1938 materially 

 affected the white pine stands. Those in the lowlands were dec- 

 imated by being blown over, the roots in the saturated soil pro- 

 viding insufficient anchorage to resist the high wind velocities. 

 Many of the upland pines were either broken off, or had the foliage 

 burned by the wind and the salt spray to such an extent that the 

 trees failed to recover. It will be interesting to note in the future 

 how this damage by the hurricane will affect the succession on 

 those areas where the white pine previously was dominant. 



Probably the most characteristic tree cover from the viewpoint 

 of area covered is the red maple. This cover varies from thick, 

 pure stands to the more open, scattered cover throughout the marsh 

 lands, where the typical shrub complex and marsh vegetation has 

 not yet given way to a forest canopy. The trunks of many of the 

 trees are covered with a thick growth of Usnea. 



At a slightl}^ higher elevation than that of the red maple the 

 typical tree cover is made up primarily of a mixture of white, black, 

 red, swamp white, and pin oaks, with an admixture of red maple, 

 yellow birch, white ash, black gum, and white pine. The American 

 holly which is found scattered throughout the area is more common 

 in this particular association. Witch hazel and spice bush are addi- 

 tions to the scattered representatives of the usual swamp shrub 

 mixture. Rhododendron is conspicuous in the shallow ravines. 

 Whereas sphagnum is the principal ground cover in the lower, 

 more open areas, the floor of the woods in the better drained areas 

 contains such representative plants as Maianthemuni canadcnse, 

 Aralia nudicaidis, Trientalis americana, Panax trijolium, Mitchella 

 repens, Arisaema triphyllum, Lycopodium ohscurum, and a few 

 scattered specimens of TrilVmin undidatum. 



In the sharp contrast to the luxuriant cover of the wet areas 

 there are extensive tracts of infertile, sandy soil which may be so 

 dry that the only ground cover is reindeer moss. The first adventive 

 into this cover is usually Andropogon scoparins. Typical shrubs 

 which follow are Arctostaphylos Uva-ursi, Kalniia angustifolia, 

 Myrica asplenijolia, Myrica carolincnsis, and Juniperus comviunis. 



