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pendent to some extent of the other whorls. For instance, we 

 find flowers with four sepals, five petals, five stamens and three 

 carpels; four sepals, four petals, five stamens and four carpels; 

 four sepals, five petals, five stamens and four carpels; or such an 

 arrangement as, five sepals, five petals, three stamens, and three 

 carpels, and so on. 



2. The constituent parts of the floral whorls may be modified 

 independently of one another. Thus we find three or four 

 sepals plainly auricled whenever five constitute the calyx, but 

 when four or a less number of sepals constitute the calyx all of 

 them are so auricled. One case was studied where five sepals 

 were present and all of them were plainly auricled, another 

 case where only three sepals constituted the calyx and all of 

 them were so auricled. 



In the corolla we find either one, two, three, four or even 

 five petals saccate whenever five constitute the whorl. When 

 only four petals are present all are saccate. Frequently petals 

 are found that might be termed intermediate between the non- 

 saccate and those that are plainly saccate. Normally the saccate 

 petal in Viola is situated at the base of the flower but in this 

 new type it may be found in the place of any one of the five petals, 

 that is, on any one side of the flower. Whenever two or more 

 saccate petals are present they may be found in any of the 

 five different positions. Four saccate petals are usually found 

 located opposite one another, thus forming a perfect square. 



Among the stamens we find two, three or four that are appen- 

 daged whenever five constitute the androecium. Whenever 

 four or a less number are present all of them usually are appen- 

 daged. It might be stated in this connection that the spur of 

 generally one, sometimes two, saccate petals encloses one ap- 

 pendage of each of the two adjacent stamens. Again, all of 

 the stamens may bear twin anther-sacs or, for instance, whenever 

 four stamens constitute the androecium, one or two individuals 

 may bear triple anther-sacs. A case of this kind was observed 

 where two of the four stamens had three anther-sacs each and 

 were situated on opposite sides of the androecium. Other 

 cases were observed where only one of a set of four stamens had 



