74 



several others that will disappear as the forest develops — Ailan- 

 thus, Rohinia, Populus grandldcnlata, Bctula populifolia and 

 Jiinipcrus. Excluding these, the forest trees that can be expected 

 to persist and make up the final forest number but twenty-six. 

 Apple trees are frequent and in one place in an old meadow have 

 grown up into a veritable orchard of scrubby trees. Cherry trees, 

 Prunus Cerasiis, are scattered through the woods, usually in rather 

 open places, but a few are in close growths of oak and birch and 

 have assumed a typical forest form, tall and straight with clear 

 trunks for at least twenty-five feet. There are also many young 

 cherries growing up in thickets of Viburnum and among the oaks. 

 Over all the ridge there have been frequent fires that check the 

 growth of young trees, but in spite of this there were tree shoots — 

 oak, hickory, ash, maple and elm — on over half of the quadrats, 

 all old enough to have survived at least one fire, and on half as 

 many more there were seedlings of one or two years that had not 

 been subjected to fire. 



In all 1,857 trees were counted, 37 per cent, of the total being 

 oaks. Of these Qucrcus velutina was most abundant and made 

 13.4 per cent, of the total, Cornus florida — 11, Qucrcus prinus — 

 9.7, Q. alba — 9.5, Acer saccharnm — 6.4. Betula lenta — 6.2, Hicoria 

 glabra — 6.2, Robinia Pseudo-acacia — 5.7, and Fraxinus Ameri- 

 cana — 4. If the trees that are not of forest type are excluded, 

 the oaks would form over 50 per cent, of the total. The dominant 

 tree in most parts of the ridge is the black oak, Qucrcus velutina, 

 though some of the drier sections were dominated by the chestnut 

 oak, Q. prinus. In a few low spots with deeper soil the sugar 

 maple. Acer saccharum, dominated, and in .the same localities 

 w^ere found most of the tulip trees, basswood, beech and hemlock. 

 Practically all of the locusts were in spots previously cut clean 

 for pasture or cultivation. With the locusts grew all of the pin 

 oak, swamp-white oak, walnut, staghorn sumach and apple, and 

 half of the sassafras, elm, gray birch and sour cherry. But one 

 tree each of Ailanthus, Celtis, Populus grandidentata, P. treniu- 

 loides and Quercus stellata was found, and but two each of walnut 

 and hemlock. Those of which but one specimen was found were 



