CEPHALOCEREUS. 



37 



Type locality: Calderao, Bahia. 



Distribution: Deserts of southern Bahia, Brazil. 



A cutting, received from the Berlin Botanical Garden with the name I 'ereus albi- 

 spinus Salm-Dyck, is strikingly similar to ( 'ephalocereus leucostele. 



In developing, the perianth carries flecks of wool with it from the dense white cushion 

 at the areole; the perianth-tube bears several distant scales passing into the numerous outer, 

 green, obtuse segments; inner perianth-segments about 25, ovate, white, acute, firm in 

 texture, reflexed-spreading, about 12 mm. long; stigma-lobes pale yellow, slightly exserted 

 when the perianth is fully expanded ; stamens unequal in length. Dr. Rose collected living 

 and herbarium specimens in Bahia in 19 15 (No. 19902). 



Illustration: Bot. Jahrb. Engler 40: Beibl. 93: pi. 5, as Ccrcus leucostele. 



Figure 42 is from a photograph of a plant brought to the New York Botanical Garden 

 from Machado Portella, Bahia, by Dr. Rose in 1915; figure 44 shows a flower of this plant 

 and figure 45 its fruit. 



Ftg. 44. — Flower of Cephalocereus leucostele. X0.7. 

 Fig. 45. — Fruit of same. X0.7. 



Fir,. 46. — Flower of C. smithianus. X0.7. 

 Fig. 47. — Fruit of same. X0.7. 



14. Cephalocereus smithianus sp. now 



Stems weak and slender, 4 to 7 em. in diameter, simple or much branched, erect or more or 

 less clambering; ribs 9 to 11, low and rounded, sometimes constricted between the areoles; areoles 

 rather large, felted; radial spines short, white, acicular, 1 em. long or less; central spines several, 

 nearly porrect, the longest ones 3 to 4 cm. long, at first black, in age black only at tips ; flower 6 to 

 8 cm. long, 4 cm. broad across the mouth, with a short funnelform tube bearing a few broad ovate 

 scales with reddish tips; inner perianth-segments short, rounded, white; ovary with a few minute 

 scales; fruit ovoid, 3 to 4 cm. in diameter, red, splitting on one side when mature; areoles on the 

 fruit each represented by a horizontal line 8 mm. long, subtended by a minute brown scale; pulp 

 white; seeds black. 



Collected by Dr. and Mrs. J. N. Rose just below Zig Zag, between La Guayra and 

 Caracas, Venezuela, October 25, 1916 (No. 21889, type) and by Dr. Rose and Major C. C. 

 Smith near Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, October 28 (No. 21852); also by Dr. Britton, Mr. 

 W. G. Freeman, and Professor T. E. Hazen on Patos Island, Trinidad, a few miles from 

 the Venezuelan Coast, March 13, 1920 (No. 532). 



In form its flower is not quite typical of the genus. 



This species is named for Major Cornelius C. Smith, U. S. Army, who accompanied 

 and assisted Dr. Rose during some of his excursions in northern Venezuela in 1916. 



Figure 43 is from a photograph of a plant brought by Dr. Rose to the New York 

 Botanical Garden from Puerto Cabello, Venezuela, in 191 6; figure 46 shows the flower 

 and figure 47 the fruit, collected by Dr. Rose between Caracas and La Guayra. 



