CEREUS. 9 



which measured more than 19 cm. in length. The flowers are large and white, open- 

 ing at night; the perianth cuts off early from the ovary, leaving the style, which is 

 persistent. The woody trunk may be 6 dm. in diameter, and boards suitable for boxes, 

 picture frames, etc., are sawed from it. In most of the smaller houses in the country the 

 cross pieces upon which the tile roofing is laid are from this cactus, which is called man- 

 dacaru and mandacaru de boi. The specific name jamacaru, said by some writers to be the 

 vulgar name of the plant in Brazil, is doubtless a corruption of mandacaru. It is some- 

 times planted about country houses, often as a kind of hedge. In times of great drought 

 the farmers cut off the young branches from these cacti to feed to their cattle. 



Cereus horridus Otto (Pfeiffer, Allg. Gartenz. 5:370. 1837) and C. thalassinus Otto 

 and Dietrich (Allg. Gartenz. 6:34. 1838), referred to C. jamacaru by Schumann, belong 

 elsewhere; both are from La Guayra, Venezuela. 



Cereus lividus was based upon a Brazilian species. Two years after it was described, 

 Pfeiffer redescribed it, referring to it as a synonym C. perotetti (Pfeiffer, Enum. Cact. 98), 

 and giving the distribution as Brazil and La Guayra, Venezuela. The plant from La 

 Guayra is doubtless C. hexagonus. 



Cereus lividus glaucior (Labouret, Monogr. Cact. 359. 1853), given as a synonym of 

 C. lividus, may belong here. 



Cereus jamacaru glaucus (Ladenberg, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 3:70. 1893) is only a name. 



Illustrations: Karsten, Deutsche Fl. f. 501, No. 8; Pison, Hist. Nat. Bras. 100. f. 1; 

 Schumann, Gesamtb. Kakteen f. 25; Curtis's Bot. Mag. 95: pi. 5775, this last as Cereus 

 lividus. 



Figure 9 is from a photograph taken by Mr. P. H. Dorsett near Joazeiro, Bahia, 

 Brazil, in 1914. 



6. Cereus tetragonus (Linnaeus) Miller, Gard. Diet, ed 8. No. 2 1768. 



Cactus tetragonus Linnaeus, Sp. PI. 466. 1753. 



Plant upright, 1 to 2 meters high, freely branching; branches green, erect, forming a narrow 

 compact top; ribs mostly 4, rarely 5, at first high, separated by acute intervals, compressed, obtuse; 

 areoles close together, white-felted; spines brown to nearly black, usually acicular to subulate; 

 radial spines 5 or 6, 6 to 8 mm. long; central spines solitary or several, a little stouter than the 

 radials; flower funnelform, 13 cm. long; all the perianth-segments reddish; ovary bearing small scales, 

 glabrous. 



Type locality: Curacao, according to Linnaeus, but not known there now. 



Distribution: Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, according to Schumann. 



Our description is drawn partly from living specimens in the New York Botanical 

 Garden. 



Cereus tetragonus ramosior Link and Otto (Verh. Ver. Beford. Gartenb. 6: 432. 1830) 

 is given by name only; C. tetragonus major Salm-Dyck (Walpers, Repert. Bot. 2 : 277. 1843) 

 is given as a synonym for C. tetragonus. 



Illustration: Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 12: 158. 



Figure 8 is from a photograph of a plant in the New York Botanical Garden, received 

 from Mr. Frank Weinberg in 1901. 



7. Cereus stenogonus Schumann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 9: 165. 1899. 



Tree-like, up to 6 to 8 meters high, much branched or nearly simple, bluish green to yellowish 

 green; ribs 4 or 5, very narrow, high; spines 2 or 3, short, conic, the longest 6 to 7 mm. long or subu- 

 late and the longer up to 4.5 cm. long; flowers large, 20 to 22 cm. long, funnelform, the tube long and 

 slender ; outer perianth-segments narrow, 7 to 8 cm. long, mucronate, rose-colored or with rose-colored 

 margins; fruit large, 10 cm. long or less, red or orange without, with white or carmine flesh ; seeds dull. 



Type locality: Paso la Cruz, Paraguay. 

 Distribution: Paraguay and northeastern Argentina. 



