LOPHOCEREUS. 177 



1. Zehntnerella squamulosa sp. nov. 



Trunk, when present, 15 to 20 cm. iti diameter, but usually a cluster of branches arising from 

 the base; branches usually strict, 4 meters long or more, 5 to 7 cm. in diameter, covered with a 

 mass of spines; ribs 17 to 20, low, close together; areoles circular, small; spines 10 to 15, acicular, 

 chestnut-brown, the longest ones 3 cm. long; flowers small, 3 cm. long; inner perianth- 

 segments oblong, 4 mm. long; lower scales on the ovary ovate, apiculate, 1 to 4 mm. long, 

 the upper ones becoming oblong, all glabrous, the hairs in the axils white; fruit about 2 cm. 

 in diameter, crowned by the withered perianth; seeds 1 mm. long. 



This plant was common in a restricted rocky out-crop east of Joazeiro, called 

 the Serra do Atoleiro, where flowers and photographs were obtained by Dr. Rose, 

 June 4, 1915 (No. 19760, type) and ripe fruit was collected at the same locality 

 by Dr. Zehntner in October 191 7. 



This species is called facheiro preto in Bahia. Flower of 



Figure 249 is from a photograph taken by Paul G. Russell in Bahia, Brazil, z - squam- 

 in 1915 ; figure 250 shows a flower of the plant photographed. uraisize. 



36. LOPHOCEREUS (Berger) Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 426. 1909. 



Columnar, stout cacti, the stems simple or with few branches, or much branched at base; ribs 

 few; areoles on lower part of stem very different from the upper ones; flowering areoles large, felted, 

 developing long bristles standing out at right angles to the axils of the stem ; flowers usually several 

 at each areole, small, funnelform, with short narrow tubes, nocturnal, beginning to open at about 

 six o'clock at night and by eight or nine fully expanded, but closed the following morning, odorless; 

 outer perianth-segments greenish; inner perianth-segments pink; stamens short, included; fruit 

 small, red, globular, when mature bursting irregularly, glabrous or with a few spines and some 

 felt in axils of lower scales; seeds numerous, small, black, shining, with a depressed basal hilum. 



Type species: Cereus schottii Engelmann. 



Three species have been recognized in this genus, all from the same floral region, which 

 we now regard as reducible to one. 



The generic name is from the Greek, signifying crested-cereus, with reference to the 

 bristly top of the flowering stem. 



1. Lophocereus schottii (Engelmann) Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 427. 1909. 



Cereus schottii Engelmann, Proc. Amer. Acad. 3: 288. 1856. 



Pilocereus schottii Lemaire, Rev. Hort. 1862: 428. 1862. 



Cereus sargenlianus Orcutt, Gard. and For. 4: 436. 1891. 



Pilocereus sargenlianus Orcutt in Schumann, Monatsschr. Kakteenk. 2: 76. 1892. 



Cereus palmeri Engelmann in Coulter, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 401. 1896. 



Cereus schottii australis K. Brandegee, Zoe 5: 3. 1900. 



Lophocereus australis Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 427. 1909. 



Lophocereus sargenlianus Britton and Rose, Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. 12: 427. 1909. 



Usually branching only at base, forming large clumps sometimes with as many as 50 or even 

 100 upright or ascending stems, 1 to 7 meters high; ribs usually 5 to 7, but sometimes 9, separated by 

 broad intervals; bristles of the flowering areoles numerous, straight, finely acicular, gray, 6 cm. 

 long or less ; flowerless areoles smaller, little felted, with 3 to 7 short subulate spreading radial spines 

 swollen at base and 1 or 2 central ones a little longer and stouter ; flowers 3 to 4 cm. long; style, stigma- 

 lobes, and filaments whitish; fruit 2 to 3 cm. in diameter, usually naked, rarely spiny; seeds 2.5 

 mm. long. 



Type locality: In Sonora, toward Magdalena, Mexico. 



Distribution: Southern Arizona, Sonora, and Lower California. 



As with many other columnar cacti, this is sometimes used for fences. It is usually 

 called sinita, with various spellings. 



This species is remarkable among cacti on account of the long bristle-like spines, which 

 develop at the ends of the flowering branches, giving the plant the appearance of bearing 

 terminal brushes. This modification of the spines from the flowering areoles is similar to 



