150 



On a visit to Squaw Shoals on June 4, 191 3, I gathered some 

 facts which may be of interest for comparison with other places, 

 even after the opportunity for. verifying some of them is gone 

 forever. 



The shoal is about three miles long and a thousand feet wide, 

 with a total fall, at low water, of forty feet. Its foot is about 155 

 feet above sea-level. As some of the accompanying illustrations 

 show, the river in this part of its course is bordered by rather 

 steep wooded hills, rising two or three hundred feet above the 

 water in a distance of half a mile or so, but the country is not at 



Fig. I. View of Squaw Shoals looking up-stream, showing Dianthera in fore- 

 ground and Paiiicum virgatum farther away. The most conspicuous trees at the 

 brow of the bluff at the right are Piniis palustris. 



all mountainous. The rock in the neighborhood is all shale 

 and sandstone of the upper Carboniferous, with the strata hori- 

 zontal or nearly so. In the bed of the river it is pitted with 

 numerous pot-holes a foot or so in diameter. The water averaged 

 only about two feet deep on the shoals at the time of my visit, 

 so that a pedestrian could pick his way across without much 

 difficulty. It probably varies from less than half to more than 

 twice that depth. It is always more or less turbid. The dis- 



