Eucephalozia 39 



peaty soil near Whitby and Castle Howard, mostlj'' associated with Lepi- 

 dozia reptans, also on moors and turf-bogs ; Tunbridge Wells, on rocks ; 

 &c., &c. Wales: Tyn-y-groes, &c. Scotland: Dumfries, and many other 

 places. Ireland : common in Wickloio, Kerry, &c. Prance, Belgium, 

 Germany, &c. — apparently nowhere uncommon, but (as with us) mostly 

 mistaken for a variety of C. conuivens — sometimes for C. catenulata. 

 N. America: U. States and Canada — probably widely distributed. Var. 

 /3, Fowlshaw Moss, Westmoreland : the male ]3lant alone (G. Stablee).* 



This is the plant I was taught, in my younger days, by specimens from Taylor 

 "Wilson and others, to regard as the true ynng. connivens of Dickscn and Hooker ; 

 although I did not fail to demur against giving that name to a plant which had 

 neither the large leaf-cells nor the longiciliate perianth shown in Hooker's figure. 

 Specimens of my own gathering, in Terrington Carr, were the first I ever saw of the 

 true "y. connivens,''^ which I now find to differ essentially in the monoicous inflor- 

 escence, besides the other characters. 



C. multijlora may be distinguished from C. bicuspidafa and connivens, and from 

 most of their near allies, by the dioicous inflorescence ; the small leaves, obtusely 

 cloven to only J of their length, and rather more closely reticulate ; the bracts far less 

 deeply cloven, and rarely into more than two segments ; but above all by the fleshy 

 perianth and calyptra, the perianth being 3 cells thick below and 2 cells thick about 

 the middle, and the calyptra 3 cells thick almost up to the very apex ; while both these 

 organs in C. bicuspidata and connivens consist throughoutof but a single layer of cells. 

 Moreover, the perianth is merely denticulate at the mouth, while that of C. connivens 

 has the almost unique character, among European CephalozicE, of terminating in long 

 cilia ; the perianth of C. catenulata being merely ciliolate, or setose at the apex. C. 

 multiftora, when fertile, as in our Castle Howard woods, and especially as Mr. Slater 

 has gathered it in the "gills" near Whitby, well deserves it name; and the wide- 

 spreading tufts, of a pleasant green, copiously studded with the fully ripe and opened 

 capsules, disclosing the cinnamon-coloured spores and elaters, form quite a picture. 

 The purple spores of C bicuspidata afford an additional mark of distinction from that 

 species. > 



Neither the figures nor the descriptions of Dillenius can be cited with certainty (as 

 it appears to me) for any Cephalozia. The specimen in his herbarium corresponding 

 to his tab. 69, f. 4, was found by Hooker "an injured morsel of y. connivens'"; and 

 Lindberg, who examined the same, calls it Cephalozia connivens var. laxa. The 

 ^ figure, however, is plainly that of a common form of C. bicuspidata (as indeed Hooker 

 said long ago) , and the description seems to have been made from a tuft in which G. 

 connivens, C. bicuspidata, and Lepidozia setacea grew intermixed and were not dis- 



*The specimens of this species published in Carr. and Pearson's ' Hep. Brit. Exsicc.', no. 114, are 

 erroneously named '^Cephalozia muUiflora ( Huds.) Lindb." seeing that Lindberg's C. multiftora is the 

 true J. connivens of Dicks, and Hooker, and the J. imiliiflora of Hudson is Lepidozia setacea (Roth). 



