8 Cephalozia. 



In pointing out wherein these differ from each other, and where 

 they touch, or coalesce, so as to constitute hut a single comprehensive 

 genus, I shall take first the typical group, and thence pass on to the 



less-known, or hitherto unnoticed, groups. 



To begin then with Eu- Cephalozia, (whereof the well-known and 

 widely distributed Jungermania hicuspidata L. is the most characteristic 

 example,) we find in this group : Stems slender and mostly fragile, and 

 usually (but not in every species) coated with large pellucid cells, 

 vaguely branched, emitting radicles throughout their length, and in 

 some species rooting also by flagella. Leaves succubous — in some 

 species almost longitudinal, but becoming crowded and nearly (or quite) 

 transverse in the flower-spikes, mostly oblong — in some species rhombeo 

 -or quadi'ato-rotund — concave or obtusely compHcate, seldom plane, 

 more or less deeply bifid, but never to much below the middle ; seg- 

 ments acute or subacuminate, rarely obtuse or rounded ; margins en- 

 tire. Cells often large (^/^^mm ^Qj^g^^ l^^-^^ more commonly moderate 

 ^1/30— 1/40 mm^^ never minute, often subquadrate, or quadrato-hexagonal, 

 and about as long as broad, only a few of the lower cells being elongate. 

 Underleaves normally wanting in most species, always present in a few, 

 and occurring exceptionally in some others. Female infl. mostly cla- 

 dogenous ; but the flowering branch is sometimes much elongated, and 

 even the main stem occasionally flowers at its ajDex. Bracts normal, 

 often toothed, or subincised, not constantly connate in any species. 

 Perianth always trigonous, Capsule usually elongate. 



A small section fSubluridcBJ of Eucephalozia has opaque stems, with- 

 out any pellucid cortical layer, and usually lurid fohage, with more or 

 less obtuse lobes ; its main representatives are C. Francisci and C. fluitans. 

 In habit and character it approaches Odontoschisma on the one hand, 

 and Jungermania § Gymnocolea on the other. 



To unite Odontoschisma (= Sphagnoecetis Nees) with Cephalozia may 

 at first sight shock the notions of those conversant only with our two 

 European species ; although the impossibihty of fi'aming characters, 

 derived from the parts of fructification alone, to distinguish between 

 the two supposed genera, is acknowledged by all who have attempted it. 

 For, although the stem-leaves of Odontoschisma are usually of firmer 

 texture, subrotund and entire, yet the tristichous bracts of the clad- 



