Trigonanthese 89 



Eucephalozia micromera to Zoopsia, Aracliniopsis, Blephakostoma, Mi- 



CROLEPIDOZIA, &C. 



,, connivens to Alobiella, Pteropsiella, Protocephalozia. 



,, catenulata to Cephaloziella, Hygrobiella, Junger- 



MANIA § SpHENOLOBUS, MarSUPELLA. 



... ,, Francisci and. fluitans to Odontoscliisma, Lembidium, 



Adelanthus, Anomoclada. 



... ,, y?i«'to>zs and /leierosift^ja to JuNGERMANiA § Gymnocolea. 



In estimating affinities, to rely on the absolute importance of any 

 individual character is almost certain to mislead us, and to close our 

 eyes to the true relations of genera and species. Thus there can be no 

 doubt that the succubous-leaved Cephalozia is far more nearly allied to 

 the incubous-leaved Leqndozia than to Jungermania, although the dispo - 

 sition of the leaves on the stem is the same in Jungermania as in Cepha- 

 lozia. Moreover, all distinction between succubous and incubous fades 

 away when we come on species whose leaves are exactly transverse in 

 insertion, or so nearly transverse that it is difficult to ascertain which 

 basal-angle stands higher on the stem. Almost the same thing may be 

 asserted of every pair of contrasted characters, and especially of "clado- 

 carpous" and "acrocarpous;" seeing that the two modes become quite 

 mixed up in Cephalozia, where the normally cladogenous fruit is, in 

 many species, occasionally acrogenous, and is even in some species, such 

 as C. acroscijpha S., C. exilijiora Tayl. and C. hiloha Lindb., constantly 

 terminal on the main axis. 



Not only in Cephalozia but in nearly every other genus of Trigo- 

 NANTHE^ are the cf flowers monandrous. In Bazzania, however, the 

 majority of the species are diandrous ; yet a few are monandrous, and 

 in a few others the antheridia are either solitary or twin ; while in Ade- 

 lanthus decurvus Mitt, the normally large solitary antheridium is oc- 

 casionally replaced by a pair of small ones. A thinwalled capsule, of 

 two layers, the cells of the inner layer strengthened by semiannular 

 fibres — apparently remnants of a continuous spiral — is also a feature 

 common to all the tribe except Lepidozia and Bazzania, which have a 

 much stouter capsule, usually of 4 layers in the former and of 5 in the 

 latter. These two genera comprise the most robust and most highly- 



