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borca {Cissiis bipi)inatd), the Virginia creeper {PartJicnocissns 

 quinqitcfolid), the poison ivy {Rhus radicans) and the wild musca- 

 dine (yVitis rotundifolid). These would frequently succeed in 

 stopping the sand march, and would then cover its dune slope 

 with a dense mat of green. Other vines also took a part in this 

 struggle : may -pop [Passiflora incaruatd) with its fine purple 

 flowers and yellow fruits, and Sviilax Bona-nox were common. 

 In situations where the dune slope had become fixed by vegeta- 

 tion, a number of trees, shrubs and herbs were well established. 

 The live oak (^Oiiercus virginiana), red bay [Pcrsca Borboiiia), 

 and red mulberry {Monis nibra) often attained the proportions of 

 trees, and almost reached the top of the dunes. The following 

 shrubs often formed dense clumps in such places : French mul- 

 berry {Callicarpa aiiiericana) with handsome purplish fruits, 

 Myrica carolincnsis and Ilex vomitoria. In Fig. 3 is shown the 



Fig. 3. Ridge of sand-dunes with swamp and forest beliind, Isle of Palms, S. C. 

 See text below. 



ridge of the dunes with the marshy strip and forest behind. To 

 the left a palmetto is being covered by the sand. The vines 

 climbing up the slope around the palmetto are Avipclopsis ar- 

 borca, Parthenocissus qidnqiiefolia and Passiflora incaniata. The 

 large live oak to the left with its top sheared by the wind is being 



