PROFESSOR CAMERON 8 PAPER. XXXI 



shape of elaborate sepulchral furniture. For example, model 

 boats with crews were provided so that the Ka could relieve 

 the tedium of waiting by having a sail on the Nile whi(;h was 

 (juite near at hand, seeing that all the tombs were situated 

 along its western bank, placed there, no doubt, in order to 

 face the rising sun on the morning of the resurrection. Very 

 frequently two boats were provided, the one for going down 

 stream being simply sup[)lied with oars whilst the one for 

 travelling up the Nile against the current was a boat with 

 the sail set. The transit of the Ka to or from the mummy was 

 likewise encouraged and facilitated by painting false doors 

 at intervals around the sides and ends of the coffin. In some 

 cases these were actually made to open. In order, however, 

 to ward off evil spirits from the deceased, the eyes of the 

 hawk-headed god Horus, known as the Sacred Eyes, were 

 painted on the coffin over the spot where the eyes of the 

 mummy faced outwards. In the twelfth dj^nasty the mummy 

 was usually laid on its left side and therefore the Sacred 

 Eyes were placed on the side. of the coffin opposite this point. 

 Jars containing food, or models of slaves carrying food 

 baskets were likewise provided for the use of the Ka, as was 

 clearly explained on the body case of Khnumu-Nekht, a 

 mummy of the twelfth dynasty which was unwrapped by Miss 

 Murray and myself. Part of the inscription was in the form 

 of a prayer that the god Osiris, would give "funeral offerings 

 of bread, beer, oxen, fowls, clothing, incense, ointment, all 

 things good and pure on which the god lives, for the Ka of 

 the great uab-priest Khnumu-Nekht." There can thus be 

 no reasonable doubt regarding the fact that the Ancient 

 Egyptian believed not only in the existence of the after life, 

 but also in the theory of reincarnation. 



The process of mummification varied greatly throughout 

 the dynasties, so that one was thereby enabled to locate the 

 period to which the burial belonged by noting the means 

 which were taken to preserve the body. For example the 



