XXVlli PROCEEDINGS. 



absolutely flat, due, as all authorities declare, to the action 

 of the millstone grit which got mixed with the flour during the 

 process of grinding the corn. Thus a study even of the 

 skeleton can provide us ^nth a hint as to the nature of the 

 diet of the individual. I should mention here that the 

 teeth of Egyptian skulls, though often worn to an excessive 

 degree, do not often exhibit decay or caries.- 



The capacity of the cranium of the ancient Egyptian, 

 which is, of course, an excellent criterion as to the extent 

 of the intellectual development of the individual, was found 

 to be very high, as was to be expected in such a highly civilized 

 race. The capacity of all the skulls measured by me was 

 over 1450 c. cm. They were thus to be regarded as mega- 

 cephalic, according to the classification of Flower, and indeed 

 all compared favourably wath the average cranial capacity 

 of modern white races. 



The cephalic index, though it is no criterion of mental 

 capacity, proved of some interest. All the ancient Egyptian 

 skulls I examined approached the index of 80, and therefore 

 tended to be of the brachycephalic or broad-headed type. 

 This is in striking contrast to the skull of British races, the 

 average cephalic index of which is about ~6 and thus approx- 

 imates to the dolicocephalic or long-headed type. It 

 may be of interest to you to note that the German skull 

 tends towards the brachycephalic type, so that the present 

 war might be regarded from the point of view of anthropology 

 as a fight for supremacy and world domination between the 

 long-headed and the broad-headed races. 



The investigation of the important gnathic or alveolar 

 index yielded interesting results. As you know, the human 

 skull is specially distinguished from that of lower mammals 

 by the vast expansion of the cranial portion, and a relatively 

 feeble degree of development of the jaws. Therefore, in the 

 lower races of mankind the jaws are strongly developed and 

 project forward, as one would expect, such skulls being 



