A STUDY OF TUK COW BAY BEACHES — D. S. McINTOSII. 117 



where already the heach was highest. The sand, i)el)bles, 

 and (■()hl)les were carried by the westerly trendinjj; curren; 

 and heavy waves over the hifj;h beaeh and spread to the 

 edfje and into the ponil, l('a\'in>i the crest of this highest 

 old l)each dome-shaped as at present. This height was 

 not again reached by the waves, and the beach prograded, 

 and another storm beach formed, making the second old 

 l)each in this ])art. This hitter forms an arc of a larger circh' 

 within the arc of a smaller one, the oldest beach. Prograding 

 has continued to the present modern beach. 



In the western part of the beach after the destruction 

 of the drumlins, the force of the waves was reduced l)y 

 sweeping over the drumlin-base. The seaward old beach 

 is probably of the same age as one of those to the east, while 

 the low ones lying behind seem to have been the result of 

 storms carrying material over a low storm beach through 

 troughs in the beach and into the western part of the pond 

 where it joined the lagoon. The development of a high 

 modern beach has preserved them in their present form. 



Evidences of the Age of the Beaches. 



The oldest beaches reached their present position when, 

 or soon after, the work of consuming the drumlins was 

 completed. For several year they were, doubtless, like the 

 ordinary beach without vegetation. Now they are fringed 

 with spruce trees. A stump of one of the largest of these 

 trees about two feet in diameter shows one hundred and 

 twenty annual growth rings. The younger old beaches are 

 also bordered with trees but of a smaller size. The low 

 old beaches have, in places, their margin covered with from 

 six Inches to a foot of firm marsh-grown peat which must 

 have taken many years to accumulate. The minimum 

 age of the o dest beach may be fixed at about a hundred 

 and fifty years. 



