204 



ORTHOPTERA OF NOVA SCOTIA. — PIERS. 



the cuticle or skin. Thus the insect is defended very much 

 like a knight of the gothic period. Besides being a defense, 

 these plates are also a support for the whole insect's structure 

 and serve for the attachment of muscles. Breathing is 

 performed through several openings ("spiracles") on each 

 side of the body, connected with a series of internal 

 ramifying tubes. The organs of touch, and supposedly of 

 smell also, are called "antennae" and project like flexible 

 horns from the front part of the head. The auditory organs 

 or ears, when present, are in the basal segment of the abdomen 

 in the Acrididoe, or in the fore tibiae (rarely in the presternum) 

 in the Tettigoniidce and Gryllidce. The ej'es consist of two 

 large compound ej^es and also usually three isolated simple 

 ones ("ocelli"). 



head thorax ,,«ina- cover 



,'^^cKCipuI ^^^~^^ %hind wjp-g\,- 

 ,' \ / ^pTOn§tu- "^ - ■ 



knee 



$iaRi-<inal 

 / pla te 



The Princioal Extern U Parf? of a Locust, Mdanoplus bivittatus, male. 

 The left wings remove!. Magnified about 3^ times. 



The body is divided into three main sections, (1) the 

 "head," (2) the"thorax"- which bears the organs of locomotion 

 (wings and legs), and (3) the "abdomen." The part of the 

 head behind the eyes is the "occiput", and that between 

 and in front of the eyes is the "vertex"; the front of the 

 head is the "face" or "front", and below is the mouth with 

 its upper lip ("labrum") and lower lip ("labium") and the 

 various parts of the jaws. The thorax is divided into three 

 sections: (1) the front one is the "prothorax", and is covered 



