ORTHOPTEHA OF NOVA SCOTIA. — PIR:RS. 205 



above and on the sides by the "pronotum", the upper and 

 lateral surfaces of the latter being respectively its "disk" 

 and its "lateral lobes", and the undersurface of the pro- 

 thorax is the "prosternum" and bears the first pair of legs; 

 (2) the middle section is the "mesothorax" which bears 

 the fore-wings or "wing-covers" (when present), and the 

 undersurface of the mesothorax is the "mesosternum" which 

 carries the middle pair of legs; and (3) the hinder section 

 is the "metathorax", and bears the thin "hind wings" (when 

 present), and the undersurface of the metathorax is the 

 "metasternum" and carries the hind legs which are usually 

 stout and long and well adapted for leaping. 



The wing-covers or tegmina act as shields for the hind- 

 wings, and are leathery or parchment-like plates of chitin, 

 strengthened by a network of "nerves" or "veins", the spaces 

 enclosed by the nerves being termed "cells". The hind 

 wings, used for flight, are thin and also strengthened with 

 nerves or veins, but when not in use they are folded like a 

 fan beneath the wing-covers. A few species have no wings 

 or only rudimentary ones, and others have only the wing- 

 covers. Many species are dimorphic as regards the length 

 of the wings, both long- and short- winged variants being 

 known. When reference is made to the front or "costal 

 area", or to the hind or "anal area" of the wings, the sup- 

 posed aspect is such as would be if the wings were extended 

 sideways, at right-angles to the length of the body, not 

 that of the wing when folded at rest. The hinder or leaping 

 legs are the ones usually referred to in descriptions. Leaving 

 out subordinate basal parts, their chief divisions are (1) the 

 "femur", a long, stout, club-shaped segment, (2) the "tibia,'' 

 which is also long but very slender, and (3) the "tarsus"or 

 jointed foot. The joint between the femur and tibia is 

 sometimes called the "knee". 



The abdomen is composed of several segments, each made 

 up of a "tergum"or dorsal part, and a "sternum" or ventral 



