ORTHOPTERA OF NOVA SCOTIA. — PIERS. 227 



Those species marked with an asterisk * have also been 

 reported from eastern Nova Scotia, and therefore pass into 

 the more northern Canadian fauna, but they appear to me 

 to be more particularly associated with the Transition 

 group. Scudderia furcata and Orphulella speciosa, although 

 only, reported from Halifax (the latter on the authority of 

 Scudder who states I collected it here), seem to have 

 greater relationship to the more southern fauna of western 

 Nova Scotia, and are so grouped for the present. The 

 occurrence of Hippiscus apiculatus and Orphulella speciosa is 

 open to very considerable doubt, but we would expect them to 

 pertain to the Transition Zone. 



The species marked with a f apparently range, in other 

 parts of the continent, still further downward into areas 

 believed to belong to the Carolinian division of the Upper 

 Austral Zone, although their supposed presence in that 

 zone may sometimes be explained by the existence in those 

 parts of small unmapped outlying areas of Transition fauna. 



Influence of climate and periodical phenomena on Orthop- 

 tera. — As the hatching of orthopteran eggs and the final 

 autumnal disappearance of a species, as well as its abundance 

 to a large extent, are dependent upon climatic conditions, 

 the following relevant data for Nova Scotia are furnished, 

 which maj^ be useful to future students. 



Mean annual temperature Fah, 44.4° 



Maximum temperature 94.4° 



Minimum temperature -16.9° 



Mean temperature, spring months 40.3° 



Mean temperature, summer months 62.3° 



Mean temperature, autumn months 49.1° 



Mean temperature, winter months 25.8° 



Warmest months, July,64.9°; Aug. 64.5° 



Coldest months, Feb., 23.7°; Jan. 24.4' 



Mean annual precipitation, inches 57.40 



Least precipitation, July, mean, inches ; . 3.66 



