228 ORTHOPTERA OF NOVA SCOTIA. — PIERS. 



The above data refer to Halifax, aod is only approxi- 

 mately correct for the province generally, as the western 

 section is considerably warmer in summer, and also differs 

 somewhat in other meterological features. 



The dates of certain periodical phenomena for several 

 recent years may be given approximately as follows, for 

 Nova Scotia in general:* 

 Grass begins to sprout at Halifax about 18th April (extremes 



14—24 Apr.). 

 Ploughing, first, 24 April (extremes, 15 Ap. — 3 May); be- 

 coming common, 5 May (extremes, 28 Ap. — 19 May). 

 Sowing, first, 7 May (extremes, 27 Ap. — 19 May); becoming- 



common, 14 May (extremes, 6-19 May). 

 Haycutting, first, 16 July (extremes, 11 — 25 July); becoming 



common, 26 July (extremes, 20 July — 3 Aug.). 

 Last snow, to whiten ground, 21 Ap. (extremes, 13 — 26 Ap.); 



to fly in air, 4 May (extremes, 26 Ap. — 20 May). • 

 Last spring frost, hard, 13 May (extremes, 4 — 20 May); 



hoar, 3 June (extremes, 29 May — 9 June). 

 First autumn frost, hoar, 20 Sept. (extremes, 13 — 29 Sep.); 



hard, 16 Oct. (extremes, 5 — 31 Oct.). 

 First snow, to fly in air, 20 Oct. (extremes, 14 — 27 Oct.); 



to whiten ground, 6 Nov. (extremes, 31 Oct. — 14 Nov.). 

 We have said that the temperature of the western section 

 of Nova Scotia, where the Alleghanian fauna is found, is 

 higher than that of the Atlantic seaboard and eastern section, 

 where occurs the Canadian fauna; and one may expect some- 

 thing like a week's difference in the dates of periodical 

 phenomena when the two districts are compared. This 

 must be borne in mind when considering the dates of the 

 first and last appearances of our Orthoptera in various 

 counties. 



No Orthoptera, either hibernated adult or nymph, can 

 emerge until after the ordinary winter's frost is out of the 



♦Compiled from Dr. A. H. M-icKay's Pnenological Observations, in Trans. N. S. Inst. So- 



