ORTHOPTERA OF NOVA SCOTIA. — PIERS. 229 



ground, and we take it for granted that no eggs hatch 

 till after the last hard spring frost which occurs about the 

 13th May. It is even probable that hatching does not take 

 place generally till after the last hoar frosts of about 3rd June, 

 unless it be in the case of a very few hardy species such as 

 M. atlanis, M. femur-rubrum, and C. curtipennis. 



The earliest species of Orthoptcra to appear as adults 

 are those of the subfamily Acrydiince or Grouse-locusts. 

 These insects are peculiar, inasmuch as oviposition takes 

 place early in the season and the young hatch and reach 

 maturity by the autumn, and then hibernate as adults, to 

 reappear the next spring. Of these, Aery dium granulatum 

 and Nomotettix cristatus have been taken in western Nova 

 Scotia on 15th April, just as the grass was beginning to 

 sprout, which is not very long after the winter's frost has 

 come out of the ground, and long before the last hard spring 

 frost which occurs about 13th May (4— 20th May). Other 

 species of Acrydium are also very early in appearing, as they 

 all belong to the hibernating Acrydiince. 



The non-hibernating species, which embrace about eight- 

 ninths of our forms, hatch and appear as nymphs and adults 

 at a much later date than the hibernated adults of the Acry- 

 diince. The first newly hatched orthopteran nymphs noted 

 by C. B. Gooderham about Truro in 1915, when he was 

 observing the hatching of the eggs fairly closely, were seen 

 on 3rd June, which is about the usual time of the last hoar 

 frost. The tiny hoppers could then be seen in very warm 

 places. They were chiefly Camnula pellucida with a few 

 Circolettix verruculatus. Other species were present but 

 were not determined. About Halifax the date would be 

 considerably later. On 1st July, 1917, I collected the nymph 

 of Melanoplus hivittatus in the second stage, near Halifax. 

 It must have hatched about the middle or latter part of June. 



The adults of most species appear during July, our 

 warmest month ; while Scudderia and a very few others come in 



