240 ORTHOPTERA OF NOVA SCOTIA. — PIERS. 



of destructive insects, I have given descriptions of all the 

 species, the structural portions being usually modified 

 from various writers, while the descriptions of colour, which 

 varies much more than structure, have in almost every 

 instance been prepared anew directly from Nova Scotian 

 specimens. The colour terms used are those of Ridgway's 

 "Nomenclature of Colors," 1886. Measurements have either 

 been adopted from other writers, or made from local 

 specimens when considered more advisable, in which latter 

 case it is so stated. The particulars as to geographic range 

 have mostly been compiled anew, with considerable labour, 

 from very many articles, as recent writers have extended or 

 modified the range as formerly known. 



Under the heading of "Occurrence in Nova Scotia" will 

 be found all that more particularly relates to the species as 

 found here. The subject-matter of these local notes on 

 each species is arranged thus, although without actual dis- 

 tinctive headings: (1) By whom first reported from Nova 

 Scotia and when; (2) abundance; (3) particular localities 

 reported from; (4) habitat or natural haunt; (5) seasonal 

 dates of occurrence; (6) habits and call-notes; (7) economics, 

 destruction caused and preventive measures. Analytical 

 keys have been given to assist in identification, and these 

 have been modified from various writers to suit our loca^ 

 requirements, the publications of Prof. Blatchley, B. H. 

 Walden, Dr. Scudder, and others being largely drawn upon 

 for the purpose. Very brief descriptions of species which 

 might occur here, because of their commonness in the state 

 of Maine, are placed in footnotes, and no doubt they will 

 prove helpful when unrecorded species are met with. They 

 will also serve to stimulate students to search for such addi- 

 tional forms. 



Measurements are given in millimetres, about 25.4 of 

 which equal one inch. The length of body is taken from 

 the fastigium or apex of the head to the apex or end of the 



