342 ORTHOPTERA OF NOVA SCOTIA. PIERS. 



the typical G. pennsylvanicus pennsylv aniens Burmeister) ; while in female 

 of rarer long-winged form they slightly surpass tip of abdomen, being about 



12.4 mm. long. Hind-wings in short- winged form are narrower and shorter 

 than wing-covers, and in long-winged form extend considerably bej^ond 

 as tail-hke projections. All these variants are said to intergrade when speci- 

 mens from various regions or even the same area are compared, and the dis- 

 tinction is probably of little value except for convenience. Hind femora 

 short and stout; hind tibiae grooved above, with 5 or 6 teeth on each side. 

 Ovipositor seldom if ever less than 12 mm. (Walker) or more than 14 mm. in 

 length, the length being about 1.1 times length of hind femora and rarely 

 more than 1.25 times length of latter. 



- Colour. — Head shiniag blick; wing-covers varying from deep black to 

 smoky or grayish brown, rarely dull reddish-brown, often with a j'ellowish- 

 brown line along humeral angle; pronotum, underside of body and legs in 

 freshly-matured specimens, often with minute gi'ayish pubescence which 

 becomes abraded through age, leaving a shining black; hind femora often 

 with basal half of underside rediish-brown; tibije and ovipositor black. 

 (The student should also consult the variable colour featares, compiled from 

 Rehn and Hebard's paper, on page 340.) 



Measuremsnts. — G. pennsylvanicus (Blatchley, Indiana). Male: body, 



17.5 mm.; pronotum, 3.9 mm.; width of pronotum, 6.3 mm.; wing-covers, 

 11.5 mm.; hind femora, 12.2 mm. Female: body, 17.1 mm.; pronotum, 4.2 

 mm.; width of pronotum, G.3 mm.; w'ng-covers, iO mm. (in the short-winged 

 form which I take to be G. pennsylvanicus pennsylvanicus) to 12.4 mm. (in 

 long--\\dnged form); hind femora, 12.4 mm.; ovipositor, 13.5 mm.; ovipositor 

 about 1.1 times as long as hind femora. — G. pennsylvanicus (Walker, Ontario). 

 Male: body, 17.5 mm.; pronotum, 3 mm.; hind femora, 10 mm. Female: 

 body, 17.5 mm.; pronotum, 3.3 nun.; hind femora, 10.5 mm.; ovipositor, 13.5 

 mm.; ovipositor about 1.30 times as long as hind femora. — G. americanus 

 = G. neglectus (?) (Blatchley, Indiana). Male: bodj"-, 14 mm. pronotum, 3.5 

 mm.; width of pronotum, 5 mm.; wing-covers, 7.5 mm.; hind femora, 10 mm. 

 Female: body, 16.5 mm.; pronotum, 4.2 mm.; width of pronotum, 5.6 mm.; 

 wing-covers, 8 mm. (covering 2/3rds of abdomen); hind femora, 11 mm.; 

 o\'ipositor, 11 mm. (10-12 mm.); ovipositor short, just equalling or rarely 

 exceeding by 1 mm. the length of hind femora. — In the variant which I con- 

 sider to be the so-called G. pennsylvanicus neglectus, and which seems to repre- 

 sent ovir Nova Scotian insect, the wing-covers reach about or nearh' to end 

 of abdomen in male, and only cover about 2/3rds of abdomen in female. 



Range. — Scudder in 1902 gave the range of G. pennsylvanicus (with which 

 he included neglectus and nigra), from specimens before him, as from Maine, 

 New Hamp., Mich., Iowa, Nebr., Montana and Br. Columbia, south to Md., 

 111., Missouri, Texas, New Mex., Utah and Calif.; but its actual range is 

 slightly more embrasive. Rehn and Hebard (1915) give in effect the range 

 of the variant neglectus as the northeastern portion of United States and 

 Canada as far northward as the Field Cricket extends, and thence southward 

 in the high Appalachians to northern Georgia and on the Piedmont Plateau 

 only in Pennsylvania; whereas they say that the variant pennsylvanicus 

 { = nigra and angustus) is the dominant form in the well-watered regions of 

 temperate North America and southwar 1 to the Gulf Coast of eastern Texas. 

 In Canada G. pennsylvanicus, as such, ha.s been reported from P. E. Island 

 ayl Ont. (E. M. Walker), Man. (Criddlei, Sask. (Caudell), and Br. Columbia 

 (Scudder) ; and G. neglectus, as such, has been reported from Quebec, Montreal 

 and Toronto (Caulfield), and as G. pennsylvanicus 7icglcctus from Nova Scotia 

 (Piers) and Moosejaw, Sask. (Caudell). The range of the complex petmsyl- 

 vanicus may therefore generally be taken as extending from southern Canada 



