384 ON THE NATURE AND ORIGIN OF 



formed in, or subject to, the outflow of any stream, either 

 of the open or subglacial kind. We would also find a common 

 system of tributary eskers, which we do not find. 



A resume of the special characteristics of the eskers of 

 Nova Scotia is as follows: 



1. The principal eskers in this province run lengthwise 

 over the highest lands of the watershed. Other shorter ones 

 run lengthwise along the principal valleys. Thus there are 

 two sets, one transverse to, and the other parallel to, the 

 drainage system. 



2. The majority cross the main lines of drainage. 



3. They also cross lakes, rivers, and minor elevations 

 and depressions. 



4. They cross also the course of ice movement. 



5. They were laid over hill and valley alike without 

 leaving any sign of an accompanying watercourse eroded 

 into the surrounding drift, even where the slope is suitable. 



6. The most characteristic and well defined eskers are 

 on level or slighly undulating land. The largest, but not 

 the longest eskers are in the river valleys. 



7. Well defined ridges often cross low or level land and 

 lakes without showing a kame or delta formation. 



8. . Eskers are sometimes interrupted by gaps, small 

 kames and pot-holes. 



9. Transverse eskers, as a rule, contain more foreign 

 material than the surrounding unmodified drift. 



10. Eskers contain little clay compared with the sur- 

 rounding drift. 



11. Eskers often descend or ascend a slope, cross low 

 land and continue up the opposite slope with undiminished 

 height. 



12. Since their formation as ridges, transverse eskers 

 appear to have been subject to less modification than any 

 other form of glacial deposit, though their exposed position 

 would seem to make them more liable to erosion than others. 



