34 Muhlenbergia, Volume 5 



shaft of this pine therefore owes its peculiarity to the generally 

 arrested development of one of its two original leaves.' " 



Engelmann, in the Botany of the Wheeler Survey, 259, 

 describes it as "a small tree, of scraggy growth, with gray bark 

 and stout, mostly single, terete leaves (rarely in pairs, and then 

 semicylindrical and entire on the margins)." 



"That single leaf, before its nature was properly understood, 

 troubled botanists a good deal, so that Endlicher, supposing that 

 the single leaf consisted of two agglutinated ones, went so far as 

 to change the name into P. Fremontii. They are really single 

 leaves, and the only iustance of such leaves in the genus (I do 

 not speak of the primary leaves of seedlings or young shoots, but 

 only of the secondary leaves, which grow in bundles on what we 

 must take for reduced branchlets)." 



In Bot. Cal. 2: 124, Engelmann says: "It was long consid- 

 ered probable that the terete leaf was in reality a connate pair, 

 but the structure shows a single bundle of vessels and therefore 

 a single leaf. The ducts, always peripheral, wary 'greatly in 

 number, frcm 2 or 3 to 12 or 14." 



In the Botany of the King Report Watson describes it as a 

 "low tree of rather open rigid habit, the branches spreading or 

 subdeflexed," and says it occurs "on the eastern slope of the Si- 

 erra and eastward, and reported from the Cascade Mountains, 

 Oregon. Frequent on many of the ranges of Nevada from the 

 vSierras to the East Humboldt Mountains, at 4,500-7,000 feet 

 altitude, growing 10-20 feet high, rarely 1 foot in diameter. For 

 the first 2-3 years from the seed, the leaves are very short and 

 lance-linear, subflaUened, carinate and caniculate, sheathless." 



Sargent gives the following description of this tree in his 

 Manual of the Trees of North America, 12: 



"A tree, usually [«j to 20 feet, occasionally 40 to 50 feet 

 high, with a short trunk rarely more than a foot in diameter and 

 often divided near the ground into several spreading steins, short 

 thick branches forming while the tree is young a broad rather 

 compact pyramid, and in old age often pendulous and forming a 

 low round-topped often picturesque head, and stout light orange- 

 colored ultimately dark brown branchlets. Bark of the trunk 



