March 31, [910 33 



spring and early summer," bill that in the fall tliey should be 

 called ".simply //. occidentalism 



It seems then, that there are botanists who hold that a spe- 

 cies and a subspecies may grow from the same root, and on the 



same stem, at different seasons, may indeed gradually pass from 

 one category to the other as the year rolls by. What boundless 

 possibilities does such a conception open up! What a multitude 

 of plants must be provided with "subspecies!" The case is espe- 

 cially strong for those trees which have very different juvenile 

 and adult foliage. In fact, why is not the bean of early spring, 

 showing only its cotyledons, a good "subspecies" of the very dif- 

 ferent plant which, later in the season, under the stimulus of 

 nutriment, moisture and light, succeeds it at the time of bloom- 

 ing and fruitinsr? — S. B. P. 



R EC EN T LITERATUR E 



New Manual of Botany of the Central Rocky Moun- 

 tains (vascular plants) by John M. Coulter, Ph. D., Pro- 

 fessor of Botany, the University of Chicago. Revised by 

 Aven Nelson, Ph. D., Professor of Botany, the Univer- 

 sity of Wyoming. American Book Company. 1909. 

 To many of us this book probably came as a surprise, as it 

 did to the writer, who was not aware that it was being prepared. 

 But it was an agreeable surprise. The old "Manual of the Bot- 

 any of the Rocky Mountain Region" had outlived its usefulness 

 long ago, due to the increased botanical activity, and to the 

 change of ideas concerning plant relationship, and he who would 

 attempt to do any critical work with the plants of the region 

 had to resign himself to the necessity of consulting many vol- 

 umes in order to identify his plants. 



In the old and more thoroughly worked over regions of the 

 eastern states, and where also there is a much wider distribution 

 of any given species, as a rule, than in the regions from the 

 Rocky mountains westward, a manual may be useful for main' 

 years without serious need of a revision. Within the past few 

 vears this eastern territory has been provided with good modern 



